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Mikvaot: Difference between revisions

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==Sheuvim==
==Sheuvim==
# If the entirety of the mikveh or a majority of it is sheuvim (drawn water) it is invalid. Some poskim hold that it is Biblically invalid<ref>Rabbenu Tam (Tosfot Pesachim 17b, Bava Batra 66a s.v. leolam), Rashbam Bava Batra 66a s.v. leolam, Tur 201:3 quoting the Rosh, Rama 201:3</ref> and others hold that it is only rabbinically invalid.<ref>Ri (Tosfot Pesachim 17b s.v. elah), Rambam Mikvaot 4:2, Ramban (Bava Batra 65 s.v. shani) explaining the Rif and Geonim</ref> Some rishonim think that it is Biblically invalid if it is filled up with water that was drawn with a kli that are susceptible to tumah and only rabbinically invalid if it is filled up with water that was drawn in a kli that isn’t susceptible to tumah.<ref>Rash Mikavot 2:3 cited by Bet Yosef 201:3. Shaarei Mikavot (Shaar Hatziyun 4) writes that the Lechem Vsimla think that the Rash retracted at the end while the Radvaz and Minchat Yitzchak hold that the Rash didn’t retract.</ref>
# If the entirety of the mikveh or a majority of it is sheuvim (drawn water) it is invalid. Some poskim hold that it is Biblically invalid<ref>Rabbenu Tam (Tosfot Pesachim 17b, Bava Batra 66a s.v. leolam), Rashbam Bava Batra 66a s.v. leolam, Rashi Pesachim 16a s.v. yeheyeh (as understood by Teshuvot Rid 1), Tur 201:3 quoting the Rosh, Rama Y.D. 201:3</ref> and others hold that it is only rabbinically invalid.<ref>Ri (Tosfot Pesachim 17b s.v. elah), Rambam Mikvaot 4:2, Ramban (Bava Batra 65 s.v. shani) explaining the Rif and Geonim</ref> Some rishonim think that it is Biblically invalid if it is filled up with water that was drawn with a kli that are susceptible to tumah and only rabbinically invalid if it is filled up with water that was drawn in a kli that isn’t susceptible to tumah.<ref>Rash Mikavot 2:3 cited by Bet Yosef 201:3. Shaarei Mikavot (Shaar Hatziyun 4) writes that the Lechem Vsimla think that the Rash retracted at the end while the Radvaz and Minchat Yitzchak hold that the Rash didn’t retract.</ref>
# Ashkenazim hold that it is a Biblical invalidation, while Sephardim hold it is only rabbinic.<Ref>Rama 201:3 writes that sheuvim is Biblical. The Shulchan Aruch 201:53 implies that it is only rabbinic. The Divrei Yosef p. 398 writes that this is the opinion of Shulchan Aruch. Shaarei Mikvaot 201:18 agrees. Chelkat Binyamin 201:920 writes that it is a dispute between the Shach and Taz whether Shulchan Aruch holds that it is Biblical or rabbinic. </ref>
# Ashkenazim hold that it is a Biblical invalidation, while Sephardim hold it is only rabbinic.<Ref>Rama 201:3 writes that sheuvim is Biblical. The Shulchan Aruch 201:53 implies that it is only rabbinic. The Divrei Yosef p. 398 writes that this is the opinion of Shulchan Aruch. Shaarei Mikvaot 201:18 agrees. Chelkat Binyamin 201:920 writes that it is a dispute between the Shach and Taz whether Shulchan Aruch holds that it is Biblical or rabbinic. </ref>
===Intention===
===Intention===
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# Moving snow with something that is susceptible to tumah isn’t an issue.<ref>Chatom Sofer 1:200 explains that there’s no issue of hava al yaday tumah for snow since it isn’t mekabel tumah. He says that the basis for all of mikvaot is that the water of the mikveh is tahor and automatically remains tahor as long it is connected to the ground. Because it is tahor and stays tahor it can purify other things as well. </ref>
# Moving snow with something that is susceptible to tumah isn’t an issue.<ref>Chatom Sofer 1:200 explains that there’s no issue of hava al yaday tumah for snow since it isn’t mekabel tumah. He says that the basis for all of mikvaot is that the water of the mikveh is tahor and automatically remains tahor as long it is connected to the ground. Because it is tahor and stays tahor it can purify other things as well. </ref>


==Hamshacha==
==Hamshacha==
# Cement absorbs water and is fit for hamshacha.<ref>Maharshag 1:65 citing experts writes that cement is water penetrable. Binyamin 201:668 writes that the poskim hold cement works for hamshacha. Minchat Yitzchak 1:142 agrees with maharshag about cement. However, the Divrei Yatziv 117 writes that it is preferable not to use cement since some question if it can absorb water. Mishneh Halachot 16:49 cites this.
# Cement absorbs water and is fit for hamshacha.<ref>Maharshag 1:65 citing experts writes that cement is water penetrable. Binyamin 201:668 writes that the poskim hold cement works for hamshacha. Minchat Yitzchak 1:142 agrees with maharshag about cement. However, the Divrei Yatziv 117 writes that it is preferable not to use cement since some question if it can absorb water. Mishneh Halachot 16:49 cites this.
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