Making One Hundred Brachot Daily: Difference between revisions
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There is an obligation to recite 100 Berachot every day. Although one easily fulfills this on a regular weekday, it can be particularly challenging on [[Shabbat]] and especially on [[Yom Kippur]], so it's important to know the Halachot and be conscious of methods to fulfill this obligation. The purpose is to inspire a person to consider the awe of heaven many times a day. It is considered a merit to prevent a plague<ref>Tur Orach Chaim 46. See Ben Ish Chai (I Balak Introduction).</ref> and is it commensurate to the mitzvah of saying Modim properly.<ref>Or Gedalyahu Tzav citing Daat Zekenim</ref> | |||
==Origin of the Obligation== | ==Origin of the Obligation== | ||
# Some hold that this law is a biblical obligation, while others hold it's of rabbinic origin. <ref> See Sh"t Atret Paz 1:1 at length. The Chida (Machzik Bracha 290:1) writes that going out of the way to complete a hundred [[Brachot]] daily is only a virtuous practice. <br /> | One is obligated to recite 100 Berachot a day.<Ref> Gemara Menachot 43b, Rambam Hilchot Tefilla 7:14, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 46:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 6:7, Yalkut Yosef Orach Chaim 46:3, Sh"t Betzel Hachochma 4:155, Sh"t Binyan Av 3:1, Emet Lyakov Devarim 10:12, Sh"t Ateret Paz 1:1. See Aishel Avraham Siman 46 who says that one should try to recite more than 100 berachot in fulfillment of the Pasuk in Tehillim (71:14): ואני תמיד איחל, והוספתי על כל תהלתך. </ref> | ||
However, the Petach Dvir 290:3, Sdei Chemed (Chet 34), Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 6:7 and Sh"t Atret Paz 1:1 write that it’s a complete obligation. [Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 2 pg 339) writes that even the Chida may mean that it’s only virtuous to go out of the way to make the Bracha oneself but accumulating a hundred (including [[Brachot]] one listens to such as the [[Brachot]] of Torah reading) is an obligation.] Tur 46 also says this obligation is also rabbinic and the pasuk brought in menachot 43b is an asmachta. The Arizal in Shaar Ruach Hakodesh 4a says that there is a level in blessing in heaven that the only way to get to it is saying 100 [[berachot]] each day. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 6:7 writes that a person is obligated to make a hundred [[brachot]] daily. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 6:7 concurs.<br /> | # Some hold that this law is a biblical obligation, while others hold it's of rabbinic origin.<ref> See Sh"t Atret Paz 1:1 at length. The Chida (Machzik Bracha 290:1) writes that going out of the way to complete a hundred [[Brachot]] daily is only a virtuous practice. <br /> | ||
Rambam (Sefer Hamitzvot Shoresh 1) quotes the opinion of the Behag that one of the 613 mitzvot is to make 100 berachot daily. However, see Sdei Chemed Maarechet 8: Klal 34 who discusses if indeed the Behag holds that this is a mitzva from the Torah or only Rabbinic. see also Sefer Hamanhig pg. 6 who says that it is in fact Biblical but they forgot and Dovid re-instituted it later. </ref> | However, the Petach Dvir 290:3, Sdei Chemed (Chet 34), Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 6:7, Yabia Omer 10 OC 7, and Sh"t Atret Paz 1:1 write that it’s a complete obligation. [Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 2 pg 339) writes that even the Chida may mean that it’s only virtuous to go out of the way to make the Bracha oneself but accumulating a hundred (including [[Brachot]] one listens to such as the [[Brachot]] of Torah reading) is an obligation.] Tur 46 also says this obligation is also rabbinic and the pasuk brought in menachot 43b is an asmachta. The Arizal in Shaar Ruach Hakodesh 4a says that there is a level in blessing in heaven that the only way to get to it is saying 100 [[berachot]] each day. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 6:7 writes that a person is obligated to make a hundred [[brachot]] daily. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 6:7 concurs.<br /> | ||
[[Rambam]] (Sefer Hamitzvot Shoresh 1) quotes the opinion of the [[Behag]] that one of the 613 mitzvot is to make 100 berachot daily. However, see Sdei Chemed Maarechet 8: Klal 34 who discusses if indeed the [[Behag]] holds that this is a mitzva from the Torah or only Rabbinic. see also Sefer Hamanhig pg. 6 who says that it is in fact Biblical but they forgot and Dovid re-instituted it later. </ref> | |||
# There are several sources and reasons given for this law including: | # There are several sources and reasons given for this law including: | ||
## David Hamelech made an institution to say 100 [[berachot]] a day to stop the plague that was killing a 100 people every day. <ref> Bamidbar Rabba Parasha 18, Tur 46 quoting Rabbi Natronai Gaon, Daat Zekenim MeBaalei Tosfot (Devarim 10:12), Shibbolei Haleket 1 in the name of Rabbenu Shlomo, Hamanhig Tefilla p. 28 </ref> | ## David Hamelech made an institution to say 100 [[berachot]] a day to stop the plague that was killing a 100 people every day.<ref> Bamidbar Rabba Parasha 18, Tur Orach Chaim 46 quoting Rabbi Natronai Gaon, Daat Zekenim MeBaalei Tosfot (Devarim 10:12), Shibbolei Haleket 1 in the name of Rabbenu Shlomo, Hamanhig Tefilla p. 28 </ref> | ||
## The Gematria of each letter of צדיק/tzaddik - 90 / צ [[amen]]'s a day, 4 / ד Kedushos a day, 10 / י [[amen]] yehiy shemei rabba's, and 100 / ק [[berachot]] a day.<ref>The [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=34973&st=&pgnum=357 Reishit Chachma (Shaar HaKedusha ch. 17 s.v. BePrat)] writes that the letters of Tzaddik are a hint to saying 90 amens, 4 Kedushot, 100 [[Brachot]], 10 Kadishim. Part of this hint, the Reishit Chachma derives from the Zohar (Tikkunim page 29). </ref> | ## The Gematria of each letter of צדיק/tzaddik - 90 / צ [[amen]]'s a day, 4 / ד Kedushos a day, 10 / י [[amen]] yehiy shemei rabba's, and 100 / ק [[berachot]] a day.<ref>The [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=34973&st=&pgnum=357 Reishit Chachma (Shaar HaKedusha ch. 17 s.v. BePrat)] writes that the letters of Tzaddik are a hint to saying 90 amens, 4 Kedushot, 100 [[Brachot]], 10 Kadishim. Part of this hint, the Reishit Chachma derives from the Zohar (Tikkunim page 29). </ref> | ||
## Corresponding to the one hundred sockets of the mishkan.<ref>The Baal HaTurim (Shemot 38:27) writes that the institution of reciting 100 [[brachot]] each day corresponds to the 100 sockets of the Mishkan.</ref> | ## Corresponding to the one hundred sockets of the mishkan.<ref>The Baal HaTurim (Shemot 38:27) writes that the institution of reciting 100 [[brachot]] each day corresponds to the 100 sockets of the Mishkan.</ref> | ||
## The gemara (Menachot 43b) learns from the Pasuk (Devarim 10:12) "וְעַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מָ֚ה ה' אֱלֹקיךָ שֹׁאֵ֖ל מֵֽעִמָּ֑ךְ כִּ֣י אִם־לְ֠יִרְאָה" and says that we shouldn't read it as "מה" (what) but instead "me'ah" (100). <ref> Rashi Menachot 43b</ref> The exposition may be based on the fact that the verse has 100 letters<ref> Tosafot Menachot 43b "shoel" suggest that it is because the verse has 100 letters. </ref> or because Mah in gematria using At-Bash is 100.<ref>Daat Zekenim MeBaalei HaTosfot (Devarim 10:12), Baal HaTurim (Devarim 10:12). See further in the Baal HaTurim who says that it can be based on the gematria of ממך being 100 (but requires further explanation).</ref> | ## The gemara (Menachot 43b) learns from the Pasuk (Devarim 10:12) "וְעַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מָ֚ה ה' אֱלֹקיךָ שֹׁאֵ֖ל מֵֽעִמָּ֑ךְ כִּ֣י אִם־לְ֠יִרְאָה" and says that we shouldn't read it as "מה" (what) but instead "me'ah" (100). <ref> Rashi Menachot 43b</ref> The exposition may be based on the fact that the verse has 100 letters<ref> Tosafot Menachot 43b "shoel" suggest that it is because the verse has 100 letters. </ref> or because Mah in gematria using At-Bash is 100.<ref>Daat Zekenim MeBaalei HaTosfot (Devarim 10:12), Baal HaTurim (Devarim 10:12). See further in the Baal HaTurim who says that it can be based on the gematria of ממך being 100 (but requires further explanation).</ref> | ||
## Moshe received it as a Halacha LeMoshe MeSinai <ref> See Sh"t Yosef Ometz 50 in name of Sefer Charedim, Sh"t Atret Paz 1:1 quotes this and discusses whether it is on a deoraitta obligation </ref> | ## Moshe received it as a Halacha LeMoshe MeSinai<ref> See Sh"t Yosef Ometz 50 in name of Sefer Charedim, Sh"t Atret Paz 1:1 quotes this and discusses whether it is on a deoraitta obligation </ref> | ||
## The pasuk says "Ki Ken Yivorach Gaver" (Tehillim 128:4) and since "Ki Ken" has the gemara of 100, the pasuk can be read to say that a person blesses 100 times a day.<ref>Daat Zekenim MeBaalei HaTosfot (Devarim 10:12)</ref> | ## The pasuk says "Ki Ken Yivorach Gaver" (Tehillim 128:4) and since "Ki Ken" has the gemara of 100, the pasuk can be read to say that a person blesses 100 times a day.<ref>Daat Zekenim MeBaalei HaTosfot (Devarim 10:12)</ref> | ||
## The 100 berachot protect from the 98 curses in Parashat Ki Tavo in addition to כל חולי and כל מכה. <ref> Chida in Kesher Gadol 5:32 and Machazik Beracha 46:2</ref> | ## The 100 berachot protect from the 98 curses in Parashat Ki Tavo in addition to כל חולי and כל מכה. <ref> Chida in Kesher Gadol 5:32 and Machazik Beracha 46:2</ref> | ||
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==How is a Day Counted?== | ==How is a Day Counted?== | ||
# There is a dispute whether we count a day for the purposes of this halacha starting from the night or starting from the day. The majority of poskim hold that the count of a hundred [[Brachot]] starts at night. <ref> Sh"t Atret Paz 1:1 writes that it seems from most rishonim that we count from the day to the night. However, he writes that it seems from Bet Yosef (46 s.v. “Ditanya”) and Mishna Brurah 46:14 that we count from the night to the day based on the fact that they begin their count of the [[brachot]] from HaMapil. Additionally, Sh"t Betzel Chachmah 4:155 proved from the poskim's counting of the [[brachot]] on [[Shabbat]] that we count from the nighttime. This is also the opinion of Yalkut Yosef 46:3. | # There is a dispute whether we count a day for the purposes of this halacha starting from the night or starting from the day. The majority of poskim hold that the count of a hundred [[Brachot]] starts at night.<ref>Sh"t Atret Paz 1:1 writes that it seems from most rishonim that we count from the day to the night. However, he writes that it seems from Bet Yosef (46 s.v. “Ditanya”) and Mishna Brurah 46:14 that we count from the night to the day based on the fact that they begin their count of the [[brachot]] from HaMapil. Additionally, Sh"t Betzel Chachmah 4:155 proved from the poskim's counting of the [[brachot]] on [[Shabbat]] that we count from the nighttime. This is also the opinion of Yalkut Yosef 46:3. | ||
* Sefer Ha'itim 195 says that the count starts from the morning and finishes the next morning. But he then quotes some who say it is from night to night and he likes that opinion. Torat Chaim Sofer 46:10 writes that if he weren't afraid of the earlier poskim who said it is calculated from night to night he would have thought that the hundred brachot are counted from day to day just like Tefillot are organized starting with Shacharit by day. | * Sefer Ha'itim 195 says that the count starts from the morning and finishes the next morning. But he then quotes some who say it is from night to night and he likes that opinion. Torat Chaim Sofer 46:10 writes that if he weren't afraid of the earlier poskim who said it is calculated from night to night he would have thought that the hundred brachot are counted from day to day just like Tefillot are organized starting with Shacharit by day. This view is roundly rejected in Yabia Omer 8 OC 23:24. | ||
* Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (quoted in Mikraei Kodesh Hilchot Yom Kippur 12:5:note 58) holds that one only has the hours of daylight to reach 100 brachot, from the simple meaning of the word “yom.”</ref> If one brought [[shabbat]] in early, there is a discussion among the poskim for which day the berachot count.<ref> | * Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (quoted in Mikraei Kodesh Hilchot Yom Kippur 12:5:note 58) holds that one only has the hours of daylight to reach 100 brachot, from the simple meaning of the word “yom.”</ref> If one brought [[shabbat]] in early, prays Arvit early, or prays Mincha after Shekia, there is a discussion among the poskim for which day the berachot count.<ref>Rabbi Shimon Sofer in Hitorerut Teshuva 3:502 says that the [[berachot]] count for the count of [[shabbat]], while Sh"t Bitzel Hachochma 4:155 says they count for the previous day. According to Rav Stern in Bitzel Hachochma, one would need to make up all [[berachot]] recited before [[shabbat]] started, including the 7 of the shemoneh esrei and 4 of kriat shema, and if he starts the meal then those [[berachot]] as well. This is also the view of Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Minchat Shlomo 2:4:27), who writes that <br /> | ||
Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer 10 OC 7, Chazon Ovadia Shabbat vol. 2 pg. 337 and Halichot Olam 1:pg. 59) argues with this whole approach and says that it all depends on each individual's starting and ending the day. Therefore, the birkat hamazon of seudat shlishit counts for Shabbat even if one recites it after Shabbat is over. Shevet Halevi 5:23 and Yalkut Yosef 46:3:4 agree.</ref> | |||
==What Counts as a Bracha?== | ==What Counts as a Bracha?== | ||
