Anonymous

Making Early Shabbat: Difference between revisions

From Halachipedia
Line 33: Line 33:


===Saying Arvit/Mariv Early===
===Saying Arvit/Mariv Early===
#One may say [[Arvit]] earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays [[Mincha]] after Plag [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after nighttime. Many authorities hold that if one is going to pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime that one should make sure to pray [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] even if one will pray privately, while some defend those who are lenient in a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] before nighttime. <ref>*The Mishna ([[Brachot]] 26a) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan [[Mincha]] may be said until nighttime. According to Rabbi Yehuda the earliest time to say [[Mariv]] is ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan the earliest time is nighttime.
#One may say [[Arvit]] earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays [[Mincha]] after Plag [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after nighttime. Many authorities hold that if one is going to pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime that one should make sure to pray [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] even if one will pray privately, while some defend those who are lenient in a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] before nighttime.<ref>
*The Mishna ([[Brachot]] 26a) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan [[Mincha]] may be said until nighttime. According to Rabbi Yehuda the earliest time to say [[Mariv]] is ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan the earliest time is nighttime.
*Many Rishonim (Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 2a s.v. MeMaymatai), Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. DeAved), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:3), Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:4), Shulchan Aruch O.C. 233:1) write that one must be consistent to either always follow Rabbi Yehuda or Rabbanan.
*Many Rishonim (Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 2a s.v. MeMaymatai), Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. DeAved), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:3), Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:4), Shulchan Aruch O.C. 233:1) write that one must be consistent to either always follow Rabbi Yehuda or Rabbanan.
*In fact, the Tur 293 quotes the Ritz Gayit who argues that since the minhag is to pray [[Mincha]] during the week after Plag [[Mincha]], on Friday night as well one may not pray early. [Similarly, Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a-b records the practice of Rav to pray [[Arvit]] early on Friday afternoon. Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav) understands that Rav held like Rabbi Yehuda that the latest [[time for Mincha]] is Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) and the earliest time for [[Arvit]] is also Plag [[Mincha]].]
*In fact, the Tur 293 quotes the Ritz Gayit who argues that since the minhag is to pray [[Mincha]] during the week after Plag [[Mincha]], on Friday night as well one may not pray early. [Similarly, Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a-b records the practice of Rav to pray [[Arvit]] early on Friday afternoon. Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav) understands that Rav held like Rabbi Yehuda that the latest [[time for Mincha]] is Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) and the earliest time for [[Arvit]] is also Plag [[Mincha]].]
Line 39: Line 40:
*[Magen Avraham 267:1 at first questions this ruling of S”A because the Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a seems to assign Rav to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda meaning that one may only pray early on Friday night if one always follows Rabbi Yehuda. He adds that this is also implied from Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) who says that Friday night has the same status as the rest of the week. However, the Magen Avraham answers that the Gemara only meant to assign Rav to Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion in the initial discussion, but in conclusion the Gemara reinterpreted the story of Rav to mean that one may pray [[Arvit]] earlier than one does during the week. Additionally, he explains that [[Arvit]] was instituted corresponding to the limbs and fats burned at night, however, on Friday night the limbs and fats were not burnt after nightfall. Mishna Brurah 267:3 adds that the ruling of S”A is based on those who say that accepting [[Shabbat]] makes it considered as if it was night regarding [[prayer]].]
*[Magen Avraham 267:1 at first questions this ruling of S”A because the Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a seems to assign Rav to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda meaning that one may only pray early on Friday night if one always follows Rabbi Yehuda. He adds that this is also implied from Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) who says that Friday night has the same status as the rest of the week. However, the Magen Avraham answers that the Gemara only meant to assign Rav to Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion in the initial discussion, but in conclusion the Gemara reinterpreted the story of Rav to mean that one may pray [[Arvit]] earlier than one does during the week. Additionally, he explains that [[Arvit]] was instituted corresponding to the limbs and fats burned at night, however, on Friday night the limbs and fats were not burnt after nightfall. Mishna Brurah 267:3 adds that the ruling of S”A is based on those who say that accepting [[Shabbat]] makes it considered as if it was night regarding [[prayer]].]
*Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that if one follows Rabbi Yehuda on Friday night (and prays [[Arvit]] early) one should make sure to say [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) so that one doesn’t contradict oneself within one night. The Beiur Halacha (267:2 s.v. VeBePlag) writes that even though there is a lenient opinion which permits a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime, since the minhag isn’t to rely on this opinion during the week because this opinion isn’t supported by the Gemara on Friday night as well one shouldn’t rely on this opinion. The Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that the only time to rely on this lenient opinion is in a need of great need and if one prays [[Arvit]] during the time of [[Bein HaShemashot]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 204-5) writes that one shouldn't contradict oneself to pray [[Mincha]] after plag [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] before nighttime. Nonetheless, Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, chap 6, note 6) writes that it is completely permitted but the minhag is to pray [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] after nightfall.
*Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that if one follows Rabbi Yehuda on Friday night (and prays [[Arvit]] early) one should make sure to say [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) so that one doesn’t contradict oneself within one night. The Beiur Halacha (267:2 s.v. VeBePlag) writes that even though there is a lenient opinion which permits a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime, since the minhag isn’t to rely on this opinion during the week because this opinion isn’t supported by the Gemara on Friday night as well one shouldn’t rely on this opinion. The Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that the only time to rely on this lenient opinion is in a need of great need and if one prays [[Arvit]] during the time of [[Bein HaShemashot]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 204-5) writes that one shouldn't contradict oneself to pray [[Mincha]] after plag [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] before nighttime. Nonetheless, Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, chap 6, note 6) writes that it is completely permitted but the minhag is to pray [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] after nightfall.
*[http://www.bknw.org/library/articles/shabbos/Making%20Early%20Shabbos.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] quotes Rav Soleveitchik who held like the Mishna Brurah and concluded that one should pray [[Mincha]] privately without a [[minyan]] before Plag [[Mincha]] so as not to contradict oneself. He also writes that in order to avoid issues of Yuhara (appearing religiously arrogant) one should go to [[Mincha]] when the [[minyan]] is praying and pretend to pray along with them. see Nefesh Harav pg. 157-158 where Rav Hershel Schachter writes that Rav Soloveitchik would not daven Maariv after Plag Hamincha even if it was on Friday Afternoon for Tosefet Shabbat.
*[http://www.bknw.org/library/articles/shabbos/Making%20Early%20Shabbos.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] quotes Rav Soleveitchik who held like the Mishna Brurah and concluded that one should pray [[Mincha]] privately without a [[minyan]] before Plag [[Mincha]] so as not to contradict oneself. He also writes that in order to avoid issues of Yuhara (appearing religiously arrogant) one should go to [[Mincha]] when the [[minyan]] is praying and pretend to pray along with them. See Nefesh Harav pg. 157-158 where Rav Hershel Schachter writes that Rav Soloveitchik would not daven Maariv after Plag Hamincha even if it was on Friday Afternoon for Tosefet Shabbat.</ref>
*Rav Simcha Bunim Cohen (The Aura of Shabbos p. 268) quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that if someone has small children and will have to have the Shabbat meal early, it is preferable to eat the Shabbat meal after mincha before maariv and daven maariv after sunset rather than daven maariv before sunset. His reasoning was that it is problematic to daven maariv early in Israel since the minhag is to daven after sunset. Also, davening early involves saying Kriyat Shema before sunset.</ref>
#Some poskim recommend never accepting Shabbat Early and davening Maariv after Plag before Shekiya. Even though it is acceptable according to the rishonim it is preferable to avoid relying on the leniency to pray Maariv after Plag before Shekiya.<ref>Mishna Brurah 267:3, Biur Halacha 271:1 s.v. meyad. Dirshu 267:6 cites Rav Elyashiv (Kovetz Teshuvot 1:23, Sefer Zichron Dror Yikra p. 372), the Steipler (Orchot Rabbenu v. 1 p. 108), and Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Byitzchak Yikareh 263:4, Halichot Shlomo Tefillah ch. 14 fnt. 10) who all hold that one shouldn't make early Shabbat from plag, rather one should always daven maariv after tzet hakochavim in accordance with the Mishna Brurah.  
#Only after ten and three quarter hours (Plag [[Mincha]]) one may light [[Shabbat]] candles, and then accept [[Shabbat]] with saying [[Arvit]]. <ref>S”A 267:2  
*Rav Simcha Bunim Cohen (The Aura of Shabbos p. 268) quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that if someone has small children and will have to have the Shabbat meal early, it is preferable to eat the Shabbat meal after mincha before maariv and daven maariv after sunset rather than daven maariv before sunset. His reasoning was that it is problematic to daven maariv early since the minhag is to daven after sunset. Also, davening early involves saying Kriyat Shema before sunset.
 
* However, Dirshu 267:11 also cites Rav Shmuel Wosner and Rav Nissim Karelitz (Likrat Shabbat 14:22) who are lenient. Also, Menuchat Ahava 1:6:5 cited by Tiferet 267:11 disagrees and holds based on the Rambam that it is permitted even initially.</ref>
*Gemara [[Shabbat]] 118b quotes Rabbi Yose who prayed to have his portion among the people of Teveriyah who accepted [[Shabbat]] early. Rashi (D”H MeMachnisei) explains that since Teveriyah was in a valley and the sun appeared to set earlier the people would accept [[Shabbat]] early. Additionally, in Gemara Pesachim 105b Rav Nachman Bar Yitchak says that going into [[Shabbat]] the earlier one accepts [[Shabbat]] the better. Rashbam (D”H Ayulei) explains that it’s preferable because one is showing a love for the mitzvah to do it early and Zarizin Makdimin LeMitzvot (the enthusiastic are eager to do מצות early).
#Only after ten and three quarter hours (Plag [[Mincha]]) one may light [[Shabbat]] candles, and then accept [[Shabbat]] with saying [[Arvit]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 267:2  
*Gemara [[Shabbat]] 118b quotes Rabbi Yose who prayed to have his portion among the people of Tiberius who accepted [[Shabbat]] early. Rashi (D”H MeMachnisei) explains that since Teveriyah was in a valley and the sun appeared to set earlier the people would accept [[Shabbat]] early. Additionally, in Gemara Pesachim 105b Rav Nachman Bar Yitchak says that going into [[Shabbat]] the earlier one accepts [[Shabbat]] the better. Rashbam (s.v. Ayulei) explains that it’s preferable because one is showing a love for the mitzvah to do it early and Zarizin Makdimin LeMitzvot (the enthusiastic are eager to do מצות early).
*How early can one accept [[Shabbat]] and light candles? Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a-b records the practice of Rav to pray [[Arvit]] early on Friday afternoon. Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav) understands that this practice of accepting [[Shabbat]] early and lighting [[Shabbat]] candles early is only permitted starting from Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours). Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. Rav Tzali), Mordechai ([[Brachot]] Siman 90), and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) agree. [This is how the Bet Yosef 263:4 and 267:2 understands the above Rishonim.]
*How early can one accept [[Shabbat]] and light candles? Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a-b records the practice of Rav to pray [[Arvit]] early on Friday afternoon. Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav) understands that this practice of accepting [[Shabbat]] early and lighting [[Shabbat]] candles early is only permitted starting from Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours). Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. Rav Tzali), Mordechai ([[Brachot]] Siman 90), and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) agree. [This is how the Bet Yosef 263:4 and 267:2 understands the above Rishonim.]
*How early can one say Shema? The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. Rav Tzali) and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) add that one who prays [[Arvit]] early should only say [[Shmoneh Esrei]] early and say [[Brachot]] Shema and Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Even though one is losing out on juxtaposing Shema to [[Shmoneh Esrei]] it’s preferable to accept [[Shabbat]] early because of the mitzvah to add from the week onto [[Shabbat]]. The Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) agrees that it’s an issue to separate Shema from [[Shmoneh Esrei]] against the Raavad.
*How early can one say Shema? The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. Rav Tzali) and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) add that one who prays [[Arvit]] early should only say [[Shmoneh Esrei]] early and say [[Brachot]] Shema and Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Even though one is losing out on juxtaposing Shema to [[Shmoneh Esrei]] it’s preferable to accept [[Shabbat]] early because of the mitzvah to add from the week onto [[Shabbat]]. The Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) agrees that it’s an issue to separate Shema from [[Shmoneh Esrei]] against the Raavad.
Anonymous user