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Making Early Shabbat: Difference between revisions

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# If one accepted [[Shabbat]] early and most of the community didn't accept [[Shabbat]] it is permitted to ask a Jew who didn't accept to do a Melacha for him. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 263:17, Mishna Brurah 263:64 </ref>
# If one accepted [[Shabbat]] early and most of the community didn't accept [[Shabbat]] it is permitted to ask a Jew who didn't accept to do a Melacha for him. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 263:17, Mishna Brurah 263:64 </ref>
# If it's necessary to do a Melacha and it's still early in the day before sunset, some say that may perform a Heiter Nederim, [[nullification]] of one's vow to accept [[Shabbat]] before 3 people, while others hold that the annulment isn't effective. <ref>Taz 263:3 and Levush hold that one may do Hatarat Nedarim to annul one's early acceptance of [[Shabbat]], while the Magen Avraham 263:31, Aruch HaShulchan 263:25, Mishna Brurah 263:5 hold that this annulment will not be effective to permit one to do Melacha. See Igrot Moshe 2:38 </ref>
# If it's necessary to do a Melacha and it's still early in the day before sunset, some say that may perform a Heiter Nederim, [[nullification]] of one's vow to accept [[Shabbat]] before 3 people, while others hold that the annulment isn't effective. <ref>Taz 263:3 and Levush hold that one may do Hatarat Nedarim to annul one's early acceptance of [[Shabbat]], while the Magen Avraham 263:31, Aruch HaShulchan 263:25, Mishna Brurah 263:5 hold that this annulment will not be effective to permit one to do Melacha. See Igrot Moshe 2:38 </ref>
# If someone made a mistake on Friday afternoon and prayed [[Arvit]] thinking that it was nighttime one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and would have to pray again. One would be permissible to do Melacha (activity forbidden on [[Shabbat]]) until one prays again, while others forbid. However, if a community made such a mistake they would not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. According to many one is permissible to do Melacha until one prays again while other to some it’s forbidden to do Melacha. <Ref>Gemara [[Brachot]] 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said [[Arvit]] early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again and it would be permissible to do Melacha. However, if it’s a community who made such a mistake Rebbe said that they do not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] because of Tirech DeTzibbur. The Rosh 4:6, Tur, and S”A 263:14 rule that it’s permissible to do Melacha until they pray again, while the Magen Avraham 263:26 quotes many Rishonim (Or Zaruha, Rokeach, Raavan) who are strict and forbid Melacha since they don’t have to pray again. </ref>
# If someone made a mistake on Friday afternoon and prayed [[Arvit]] thinking that it was nighttime one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and would have to pray again. One would be permissible to do Melacha (activity forbidden on [[Shabbat]]) until one prays again, while others forbid. However, if a community made such a mistake they would not have to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. According to many one is permissible to do Melacha until one prays again while other to some it’s forbidden to do Melacha. <Ref>Gemara [[Brachot]] 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said [[Arvit]] early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again and it would be permissible to do Melacha. However, if it’s a community who made such a mistake Rebbe said that they do not have to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]] because of Tirech DeTzibbur. The Rosh 4:6, Tur, and S”A 263:14 rule that it’s permissible to do Melacha until they pray again, while the Magen Avraham 263:26 quotes many Rishonim (Or Zaruha, Rokeach, Raavan) who are strict and forbid Melacha since they don’t have to pray again. </ref>
===Saying Arvit/Mariv early===
===Saying Arvit/Mariv early===
# One may say [[Arvit]] earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays [[Mincha]] after Plag [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after nighttime. Many authorities hold that if one is going to pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime that one should make sure to pray [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] even if one will pray privately, while some defend those who are lenient in a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] before nighttime. <ref>
# One may say [[Arvit]] earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays [[Mincha]] after Plag [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after nighttime. Many authorities hold that if one is going to pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime that one should make sure to pray [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] even if one will pray privately, while some defend those who are lenient in a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] before nighttime. <ref>
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* Gemara [[Shabbat]] 118b quotes Rabbi Yose who prayed to have his portion among the people of Teveriyah who accepted [[Shabbat]] early. Rashi (D”H MeMachnisei) explains that since Teveriyah was in a valley and the sun appeared to set earlier the people would accept [[Shabbat]] early. Additionally, in Gemara Pesachim 105b Rav Nachman Bar Yitchak says that going into [[Shabbat]] the earlier one accepts [[Shabbat]] the better. Rashbam (D”H Ayulei) explains that it’s preferable because one is showing a love for the mitzvah to do it early and Zarizin Makdimin LeMitzvot (the enthusiastic are eager to do מצות early).  
* Gemara [[Shabbat]] 118b quotes Rabbi Yose who prayed to have his portion among the people of Teveriyah who accepted [[Shabbat]] early. Rashi (D”H MeMachnisei) explains that since Teveriyah was in a valley and the sun appeared to set earlier the people would accept [[Shabbat]] early. Additionally, in Gemara Pesachim 105b Rav Nachman Bar Yitchak says that going into [[Shabbat]] the earlier one accepts [[Shabbat]] the better. Rashbam (D”H Ayulei) explains that it’s preferable because one is showing a love for the mitzvah to do it early and Zarizin Makdimin LeMitzvot (the enthusiastic are eager to do מצות early).  
* How early can one accept [[Shabbat]] and light candles? Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a-b records the practice of Rav to pray [[Arvit]] early on Friday afternoon. Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav) understands that this practice of accepting [[Shabbat]] early and lighting [[Shabbat]] candles early is only permitted starting from Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours). Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. Rav Tzali), Mordechai ([[Brachot]] Siman 90), and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) agree. [This is how the Bet Yosef 263:4 and 267:2 understands the above Rishonim.]
* How early can one accept [[Shabbat]] and light candles? Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a-b records the practice of Rav to pray [[Arvit]] early on Friday afternoon. Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav) understands that this practice of accepting [[Shabbat]] early and lighting [[Shabbat]] candles early is only permitted starting from Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours). Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. Rav Tzali), Mordechai ([[Brachot]] Siman 90), and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) agree. [This is how the Bet Yosef 263:4 and 267:2 understands the above Rishonim.]
* How early can one say Shema? The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. Rav Tzali) and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) add that one who prays [[Arvit]] early should only say [[Shemoneh Esrei]] early and say [[Brachot]] Shema and Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Even though one is losing out on juxtaposing Shema to [[Shemoneh Esrei]] it’s preferable to accept [[Shabbat]] early because of the mitzvah to add from the week onto [[Shabbat]]. The Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) agrees that it’s an issue to separate Shema from [[Shemoneh Esrei]] against the Raavad.  
* How early can one say Shema? The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. Rav Tzali) and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) add that one who prays [[Arvit]] early should only say [[Shmoneh Esrei]] early and say [[Brachot]] Shema and Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Even though one is losing out on juxtaposing Shema to [[Shmoneh Esrei]] it’s preferable to accept [[Shabbat]] early because of the mitzvah to add from the week onto [[Shabbat]]. The Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) agrees that it’s an issue to separate Shema from [[Shmoneh Esrei]] against the Raavad.  
* The S”A 235:1 concludes that even though the halacha accepts the opinions that one doesn’t fulfill Shema before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] if one is praying in a [[minyan]] which is praying [[Arvit]] before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should still pray Shema with the [[Brachot]] together with the [[minyan]] and repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. (See further discussion there). </ref> Acceptance of [[Shabbat]] before that time is null and void. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 267:4 </ref>
* The S”A 235:1 concludes that even though the halacha accepts the opinions that one doesn’t fulfill Shema before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] if one is praying in a [[minyan]] which is praying [[Arvit]] before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should still pray Shema with the [[Brachot]] together with the [[minyan]] and repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. (See further discussion there). </ref> Acceptance of [[Shabbat]] before that time is null and void. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 267:4 </ref>