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Making Early Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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==Tosefet [[Shabbat]] (the mitzvah of accepting [[Shabbat]] early)== | ==Tosefet [[Shabbat]] (the mitzvah of accepting [[Shabbat]] early)== | ||
# It is a mitzvah to accept [[Shabbat]] early and add from the weekdays onto [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Gemara [[Rosh Hashana]] 9a learns from Vayikra 23:32 that there is an obligation to add from the weekday onto [[Yom Kippur]] called Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. The gemara then continues to include all other [[holidays]] and [[Shabbat]] in this halacha. (This also appears in Yoma 81b). S"A 263:2 brings this as halacha. | # It is a mitzvah to accept [[Shabbat]] early and add from the weekdays onto [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Gemara [[Rosh Hashana]] 9a learns from Vayikra 23:32 that there is an obligation to add from the weekday onto [[Yom Kippur]] called Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. The gemara then continues to include all other [[holidays]] and [[Shabbat]] in this halacha. (This also appears in Yoma 81b). S"A 263:2 brings this as halacha. Beiur Halacha 261:2 "yeish omrim" quotes several poskim that believe that tosefet [[shabbat]] is a mitzva from the torah. Included in this is the Or Zarua Hilchot Erev [[Shabbat]] 20 Rambam as well as the Tur however do not mention the idea of Tosefet [[Shabbat]] anywhere. [[Maggid]] Mishneh in Hilchot Shvitat Esor 1:6, is quoted by the Beiur Halacha 261:2 "yeish omrim," as explaining it to be rabbinic according to the Rambam. The Kessef Mishne Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 4:3 says that the Rambam rejects the idea of adding on to [[shabbat]] entirely even midirabanan. </ref> The Torah states "Veshameru Beneh Yisrael Et Hashabbat La'asot Et Hashabbat." The Or Hachaim hints to an explanation of "La'asot Et Hashabbat" that describes the halacha of tosefet [[shabbat]]. Therefore, tosefet [[shabbat]] fulfills the obligation of "La'asot Et Hashabbat." <ref> Shemot (31:16) and the Or Hachaim on Shemot (31:16) </ref> This mitzva appllies to both men and women. <ref> Kaf Hachayim 261:16. Az Nidberu quotes the Ktav Sofer 56 who agrees. </ref> | ||
# [[Mincha]] should be scheduled at least 20-25 minutes before sunset so that you can finish before sunset and everybody could fulfill the mitzva. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchita 46:5. </ref> If the [[minyan]] starts late so that it won't be able to accept [[shabbat]] before sunset, one should do it after his silent shmoneh esrei, and still answer [[kedusha]] afterwards. <ref> Rabbi Doniel Neustadt (http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5762/lechlecha.html) writes that one should accept [[shabbat]] early after the silent shemona esreh. He adds that one may still answer [[kedusha]] based on Tzitz Eliezer 10:15(1) and Yabia Omer 6:21(3) who hold that even after one said [[maariv]] on Friday night one is allowed to answer [[kedusha]] of a [[minyan]] saying [[kedusha]] of [[mincha]]. </ref> | # [[Mincha]] should be scheduled at least 20-25 minutes before sunset so that you can finish before sunset and everybody could fulfill the mitzva. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchita 46:5. </ref> If the [[minyan]] starts late so that it won't be able to accept [[shabbat]] before sunset, one should do it after his silent shmoneh esrei, and still answer [[kedusha]] afterwards. <ref> Rabbi Doniel Neustadt (http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5762/lechlecha.html) writes that one should accept [[shabbat]] early after the silent shemona esreh. He adds that one may still answer [[kedusha]] based on Tzitz Eliezer 10:15(1) and Yabia Omer 6:21(3) who hold that even after one said [[maariv]] on Friday night one is allowed to answer [[kedusha]] of a [[minyan]] saying [[kedusha]] of [[mincha]]. </ref> | ||
# Some hold that in order to fulfill the mitzvah of adding from the weekday to [[Shabbat]] one doesn't need to make any verbal declaration, while others hold that one should verbally accept [[Shabbat]]. <ref> | # Some hold that in order to fulfill the mitzvah of adding from the weekday to [[Shabbat]] one doesn't need to make any verbal declaration, while others hold that one should verbally accept [[Shabbat]]. <ref> | ||
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* How long is Tosefet [[Shabbat]]? Rosh [[Brachot]] 4:6 and Tosafot [[Brachot]] 27a D”H DeRav agree that one doesn’t have to accept [[Shabbat]] from Plag [[Mincha]] (from ten and three quarter hours). Nonetheless, the Rosh 4:6 writes that certainly there is a minimum time limit but leaves it unclear as to what the limit is. Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b D”H Rav) quotes Rabbi Yacov who says that there’s no minimum time and any amount suffices. | * How long is Tosefet [[Shabbat]]? Rosh [[Brachot]] 4:6 and Tosafot [[Brachot]] 27a D”H DeRav agree that one doesn’t have to accept [[Shabbat]] from Plag [[Mincha]] (from ten and three quarter hours). Nonetheless, the Rosh 4:6 writes that certainly there is a minimum time limit but leaves it unclear as to what the limit is. Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b D”H Rav) quotes Rabbi Yacov who says that there’s no minimum time and any amount suffices. | ||
* S"A 261:2 and 608:1 rules that there's no minimum requirement of time one needs to add to [[Shabbat]] to fulfill Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. 39 Melachos (vol 1, pg 150) rules like S"A that there's no specific minimum time for Tofeset [[Shabbat]]. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, Hakdama LeMelachat [[Shabbat]], note 667) quotes Rav Henkin who said that in order not to violate [[Shabbat]] and in order to fulfill Tosefet [[Shabbat]] one must add a few minutes before [[Shekiyah]] refraining from Melacha and agrees with this opinion. Eretz Tzvi 70 and Iggerot Moshe 1:96 suggest that one add at least two minutes, Avnei Nezer 4:98 suggests at least four minutes, while Minchat Elazar 1:23 and Teshuvot Maharshag 38 say at least 5. | * S"A 261:2 and 608:1 rules that there's no minimum requirement of time one needs to add to [[Shabbat]] to fulfill Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. 39 Melachos (vol 1, pg 150) rules like S"A that there's no specific minimum time for Tofeset [[Shabbat]]. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, Hakdama LeMelachat [[Shabbat]], note 667) quotes Rav Henkin who said that in order not to violate [[Shabbat]] and in order to fulfill Tosefet [[Shabbat]] one must add a few minutes before [[Shekiyah]] refraining from Melacha and agrees with this opinion. Eretz Tzvi 70 and Iggerot Moshe 1:96 suggest that one add at least two minutes, Avnei Nezer 4:98 suggests at least four minutes, while Minchat Elazar 1:23 and Teshuvot Maharshag 38 say at least 5. | ||
* However, the Mishna Brurah 261:22 quotes the Rosh who argues that a certain amount of time is needed. | * However, the Mishna Brurah 261:22 quotes the Rosh who argues that a certain amount of time is needed. Beiur Halacha s.v. Ayzo Zman posits that this period of time should be no longer than 3/4 of a [[mil]] (which is 13.5 minutes). The Mishna Brurah 261:23 concludes that in order to fulfill the mitzvah of Tofeset [[Shabbat]] (adding onto [[Shabbat]]) one should refrain from work from the time that the sun is seen at the top of the trees, or to be strict 30 or 20 minutes before [[Shekiyah]]. [Mishna Brurah (Shaar HaTziyun 261:21) explains that by refraining from melacha 20 minutes before sunset one will have satisfied the opinion of the Yerayim to consider the [[mil]] to be 24 minutes and 3/4 of a [[mil]] is 18 minutes.] 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 1, pg 145) writes that it's not practical to rely upon the method of determining the beginning of [[Shabbat]] by looking at when the sun hits the tree tops but rather one should rely upon times printed on calendars made by halachic experts. </ref> | ||
# The minhag of yerushalim is to add 45 minutes to [[Shabbat]]. However, women don't need to abide by this minhag. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata chap 46 note 20. </ref> | # The minhag of yerushalim is to add 45 minutes to [[Shabbat]]. However, women don't need to abide by this minhag. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata chap 46 note 20. </ref> | ||
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* However, the Bet Yosef 267:2 argues based on the Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) who simply codify the halacha of praying [[Arvit]] early on Friday that one is permitted to pray [[Arvit]] early even if one doesn’t do so during the week. [The same implication could be made from the Tur 267:1.] S”A codifies this as halacha that one is permitted to pray [[Arvit]] earlier than one does during the week. | * However, the Bet Yosef 267:2 argues based on the Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) who simply codify the halacha of praying [[Arvit]] early on Friday that one is permitted to pray [[Arvit]] early even if one doesn’t do so during the week. [The same implication could be made from the Tur 267:1.] S”A codifies this as halacha that one is permitted to pray [[Arvit]] earlier than one does during the week. | ||
* [Magan Avraham 267:1 at first questions this ruling of S”A because the Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a seems to assign Rav to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda meaning that one may only pray early on Friday night if one always follows Rabbi Yehuda. He adds that this is also implied from Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) who says that Friday night has the same status as the rest of the week. However, the Magan Avraham answers that the Gemara only meant to assign Rav to Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion in the initial discussion but in conclusion the Gemara reinterpreted the story of Rav to mean that one may pray [[Arvit]] earlier than one does during the week. Additionally he explains that [[Arvit]] was instituted corresponding to the limbs and fats burned at night, however, on Friday night the limbs and fats were not burnt after nightfall. Mishna Brurah 267:3 adds that the ruling of S”A is based on those who say that accepting [[Shabbat]] makes it considered as if it was night regarding [[prayer]].] | * [Magan Avraham 267:1 at first questions this ruling of S”A because the Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a seems to assign Rav to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda meaning that one may only pray early on Friday night if one always follows Rabbi Yehuda. He adds that this is also implied from Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) who says that Friday night has the same status as the rest of the week. However, the Magan Avraham answers that the Gemara only meant to assign Rav to Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion in the initial discussion but in conclusion the Gemara reinterpreted the story of Rav to mean that one may pray [[Arvit]] earlier than one does during the week. Additionally he explains that [[Arvit]] was instituted corresponding to the limbs and fats burned at night, however, on Friday night the limbs and fats were not burnt after nightfall. Mishna Brurah 267:3 adds that the ruling of S”A is based on those who say that accepting [[Shabbat]] makes it considered as if it was night regarding [[prayer]].] | ||
* Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that if one follows Rabbi Yehuda on Friday night (and prays [[Arvit]] early) one should make sure to say [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) so that one doesn’t contradict oneself within one night. The | * Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that if one follows Rabbi Yehuda on Friday night (and prays [[Arvit]] early) one should make sure to say [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) so that one doesn’t contradict oneself within one night. The Beiur Halacha (267:2 D”H VeBePlag) writes that even though there is a lenient opinion which permits a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime, since the minhag isn’t to rely on this opinion during the week because this opinion isn’t supported by the Gemara on Friday night as well one shouldn’t rely on this opinion. The Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that the only time to rely on this lenient opinion is in a need of great need and if one prays [[Arvit]] during the time of [[Ben HaShemashot]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 204-5) writes that one shouldn't contradict oneself to pray [[Mincha]] after plag [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] before nighttime. Nonetheless, Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, chap 6, note 6) writes that it is completely permitted but the minhag is to pray [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] after nightfall. | ||
* [http://www.bknw.org/library/articles/shabbos/Making%20Early%20Shabbos.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] quotes Rav Soleveitchik who held like the Mishna Brurah and concluded that one should pray [[Mincha]] privately without a [[minyan]] before Plag [[Mincha]] so as not to contradict oneself. He also writes that in order to avoid issues of Yuhara (appearing religiously arrogant) one should go to [[Mincha]] when the [[minyan]] is praying and pretend to pray along with them. </ref> | * [http://www.bknw.org/library/articles/shabbos/Making%20Early%20Shabbos.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] quotes Rav Soleveitchik who held like the Mishna Brurah and concluded that one should pray [[Mincha]] privately without a [[minyan]] before Plag [[Mincha]] so as not to contradict oneself. He also writes that in order to avoid issues of Yuhara (appearing religiously arrogant) one should go to [[Mincha]] when the [[minyan]] is praying and pretend to pray along with them. </ref> | ||
# Only after ten and three quarter hours (Plag [[Mincha]]) one may light [[Shabbat]] candles, and then accept [[Shabbat]] with saying [[Arvit]]. <Ref>S”A 267:2 | # Only after ten and three quarter hours (Plag [[Mincha]]) one may light [[Shabbat]] candles, and then accept [[Shabbat]] with saying [[Arvit]]. <Ref>S”A 267:2 | ||
