Losh: Difference between revisions

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==Definition and basics==
==Definition and basics==
# In order to violate the biblical prohibition of Losh (1) there is a mixture of two ingredients, (2) one of the ingredients has to be powdery like flour, chopped (like chopped eggs), or thick (like jam), and (3) the mixture forms a thick dough-like substance <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:1 </ref>
# In order to violate the biblical prohibition of Losh (1) there is a mixture of two ingredients, (2) one of the ingredients has to be powdery like flour, chopped (like chopped eggs), or thick (like jam), and (3) the mixture forms a thick dough-like substance <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:1 </ref>
# It’s forbidden to mix two ingredients when they combine either (1) because one of them is a liquid, (2) there is liquid naturally present in one of the ingredients (such as a fruit), or (3) one of the ingredients is a thick coagulating substance (such as mayonnaise). <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:1, Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 143) </ref>
## If there is no liquid added and there’s no way that the ingredients will fuse it’s permitted to mix the ingredients. For example, it's permissible to mix sugar and cocoa powder or cinnamon.  <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4 explains that since the ingredients don't stick together into one dough. Chut HaSheni (vol 1 pg 105) agrees.</ref>
## It's permissible to pour honey on whole nuts. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4 explains that since the ingredients don't stick together into one dough. </ref>
# Kneading flour and water is a violation of the biblical prohibition of Losh (kneading).<ref> As is evident from gemara Shabbat (18a), mixing flour and water is a violation of Losh (Menuchat Ahava 9:1). Chut HaSheni (Shabbat vol 1 pg 105) defines Losh as the prohibition to mix two ingredients using a liquid to form a dough. </ref>
# Kneading flour and water is a violation of the biblical prohibition of Losh (kneading).<ref> As is evident from gemara Shabbat (18a), mixing flour and water is a violation of Losh (Menuchat Ahava 9:1). Chut HaSheni (Shabbat vol 1 pg 105) defines Losh as the prohibition to mix two ingredients using a liquid to form a dough. </ref>
==Combining the ingredients==
# Just as it is forbidden to knead two ingredients together so too it is forbidden to pour one onto the other so that they will mix automatically. Therefore it is forbidden to pour water onto flour or flour onto water on Shabbat. <ref> In Gemara Shabbat (18a) there is a dispute whether one is liable for violating Losh by simply pouring liquid into flour or only if one both pours in the water and mixes it. The majority of the Rishonim hold that one isn't biblically liable until one has both poured in water and mixed it into dough (Mishna Brurah 321:50), nonetheless, Mishna Brurah 321:57 (quoting the Magan Avraham) there is a rabbinic prohibition even for just pouring liquid into flour or the opposite. This is also the ruling of Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:5, 39 Melachos (by Rabbi Ribiat, vol 1, pg 531), and Menuchat Ahava 9:1. </ref>
# Just as it is forbidden to knead two ingredients together so too it is forbidden to pour one onto the other so that they will mix automatically. Therefore it is forbidden to pour water onto flour or flour onto water on Shabbat. <ref> In Gemara Shabbat (18a) there is a dispute whether one is liable for violating Losh by simply pouring liquid into flour or only if one both pours in the water and mixes it. The majority of the Rishonim hold that one isn't biblically liable until one has both poured in water and mixed it into dough (Mishna Brurah 321:50), nonetheless, Mishna Brurah 321:57 (quoting the Magan Avraham) there is a rabbinic prohibition even for just pouring liquid into flour or the opposite. This is also the ruling of Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:5, 39 Melachos (by Rabbi Ribiat, vol 1, pg 531), and Menuchat Ahava 9:1. </ref>
==Dough which was kneaded before Shabbat==
 
==A mixture which was mixed before Shabbat==
# Even if the two ingredients were poured one upon another before Shabbat it is forbidden to knead them together on Shabbat. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:6 based on Biur Halacha 321:15 D"H Ein </ref>
# Even if the two ingredients were poured one upon another before Shabbat it is forbidden to knead them together on Shabbat. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:6 based on Biur Halacha 321:15 D"H Ein </ref>
# If two ingredients were kneaded together before Shabbat, it is permissible to add liquid and even mix slowly. <ref> S"A 321:15, Mishna Brurah 321:58, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:7 </ref>
# If two ingredients were kneaded together before Shabbat, it is permissible to add liquid and even mix slowly. <ref> S"A 321:15, Mishna Brurah 321:58, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:7 </ref>
# Therefore, if oil separated from peanut butter and floats on top of it, it's permissible to remix it. It would even be permissible to add more liquid more forbidden to add more solids. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:7 </ref>
# Therefore, if oil separated from peanut butter and floats on top of it, it's permissible to remix it. It would even be permissible to add more liquid more forbidden to add more solids. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:7 </ref>
==Making a thin batter==
 
# Just as it is forbidden to knead together a thick mixture so too it is forbidden to mix together a thin batter unless one is careful to change ## (1) the order of putting in the ingredients (if it's normal during the week to put the liquid into the solid then on shabbat one should put the solid into the liquid, and visa versa, and if it isn't clear which way is normal put the liquid into the solid) (if one is pouring the liquid in the solid the liquid should be poured all at once and not slowly) and
==A mixture in which the ingredients were precooked==
## (2) the way one usually mixes such as with one's finger, by shaking the bowl, or if one can't do that, then mix with a spoon in a crisscross motion (and it's preferable to remove the spoon upon each stroke). <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:9 </ref> or according to some mixing it with the handle of the spoon or knife is sufficient. <ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #6, in some editions #11), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 1, pg 545) </ref>
# Some say that it is permitted to mix a little amount of liquid with instant coffee or sugar and mix it gently. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:20, pg 308) based on the fact that the powders are precooked. </ref>
==Making a thick batter==
 
# If one can't prepare a thick dough before Shabbat one should at least put liquid into the solid so that it becomes moist and mix it a little and then on Shabbat one will be allowed to add more liquid and mix it. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:10 </ref>
==Making a thin mixture==
===What is a thin mixture?===
# Ashkenazim hold that anything which pours from one vessel to another is considered a thin mixture. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:8 </ref> Sephardim hold that even if it pours from vessel to vessel it’s not considered a liquid unless it is drinkable and not just meant for eating. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:12, pg 301) </ref>
===When is it permissible to make a thin mixture?===
# According to Ashkenazim, it is only permitted to mix a thin mixture if one both changes the order of putting in the ingredients and stir it in a different way. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:9 </ref>
# According to Sephardim it’s permitted to mix a thin mixture if one either changes the order in which one puts in the ingredients or if one changes the way one mixes. <Ref>Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:10-11, pg 298-300) </ref>
=== What is considered a change in the order?===
# A variation in the order means that if one normally puts the solid ingredient in first, then one should put the liquid ingredient in first, if one normally puts the liquid in first, then put the solid in first. If there is no set order then one should put the solid in first. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:9 </ref>
# If one doesn’t know what order is the common practice one may assume that the instructions on the package is the common practice and one may reverse the order of that. <Ref> Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 150) quoting Rav Shienburg </ref>
# If there’s no clear common practice one such put the solids first and then the liquid. However, one should only use this leniency in cases of necessity. <Ref> Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 150) </ref>
# If there is no liquid but only a coagulating substance (ex: mayonnaise) there is no need to change the order in combining the ingredients. <Ref> Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 151) </ref>
=== What is considered a change in mixing?===
# If possible one should stir it with one’s finger or mix it by moving the bowl. If that’s not possible one should use an instrument but mix in a criss cross manner and preferably remove the utensil after each stroke. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:9 </ref> according to some mixing it with the handle of the spoon or knife is sufficient. <ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #6, in some editions #11), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 1, pg 545). Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 153) agrees and adds that this isn't sufficient for a thick mixture.</ref>
 
==Making a thick mixture==
# If one needs to prepare a thick mixture on Shabbat and one can’t make it before Shabbat, then before Shabbat one should mix in some liquid so that all of the solid is saturated and then on Shabbat one may mix in more liquid as long as this doesn’t cause the mixture to thicken and one also does the two variations above (switch order and way it’s mixed). <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:10 </ref>
# If there is a need to prepare a thick mixture on Shabbat and one can’t add the liquid before Shabbat (such as if one needs fresh food for a baby) then one may make the mixture on Shabbat if one is careful about the two variations above (switch order and way it’s mixed). <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:11 </ref>
 
==Making a watery mixture==
# It is permitted to mix solid particles with a lot of liquid if it will result in a very watery mixture such as making baby formula from powder and water. Nonetheless, one must be careful to pour in the liquid at once and not gradually. <Ref> Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 147), Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:13, pg 302) </ref>
 
==Mashing a banana==
==Mashing a banana==
# It's permissible to mash a banana with the handle of a fork or spoon. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:3 writes that it's permissible in terms of Losh even though it sticks together because it is not composed of two ingredients. Nonetheless due to a concern of Tochen one must use the handle of a fork or spoon. A similar analysis is found in Sh"T Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #2 at the end) and Chazon Ish (OC 58:9 D"H Yesh) </ref>
# It's permissible to mash a banana with the handle of a fork or spoon. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:3 writes that it's permissible in terms of Losh even though it sticks together because it is not composed of two ingredients. Nonetheless due to a concern of Tochen one must use the handle of a fork or spoon. A similar analysis is found in Sh"T Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #2 at the end) and Chazon Ish (OC 58:9 D"H Yesh) </ref>
# However it is forbidden to add any liquid to such a mixture. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:3 </ref>
# However it is forbidden to add any liquid to such a mixture. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:3 </ref>
==Making salad==
==Making salad==
# It's permissible to pour oil, vinegar, or mayonnaise on vegetables which are cut into slightly large pieces and even add spices. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4 explains that since the ingredients don't stick together into one dough. </ref>
# The prohibition of kneading does not apply to large chunks of food which will be distinct even after being mixed. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4, Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 143) </ref>
## For example, one may dress a salad (with oil, vinegar, mayonnaise, and seasoning) if the vegetables are slightly large pieces. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4 explains that since the ingredients don't stick together into one dough. Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 143) agrees. </ref>
 
==Instant mashed potatoes==
# One may not make instant mashed potatoes as it is considered a thick mixture. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:15, pg 304), Practical Laws of Shabbat (Rabbi Rafael Soae, vol 2, pg 111), Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 164), See Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #7) </ref>
 
==Instant pudding==
# One may not make instant pudding as it is considered a thick mixture. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:15, pg 304), Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 164), See Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #7) </ref>
 
==Other examples==
==Other examples==
# It's permissible to pour honey on whole nuts. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4 explains that since the ingredients don't stick together into one dough. </ref>
# One should avoid urinating on soft dirt on Shabbat. <ref>Mishna Brurah 321:57 </ref> unless it is a case of great need and there’s no alternative. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:2, pg 287) </ref>
# It's permissible to mix sugar and cocoa powder or cinnamon. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4 explains that since the ingredients don't stick together into one dough. Chut HaSheni (vol 1 pg 105) agrees. </ref>


==References==
==References==
<References/>
<References/>

Revision as of 17:42, 2 August 2011

Definition and basics

  1. In order to violate the biblical prohibition of Losh (1) there is a mixture of two ingredients, (2) one of the ingredients has to be powdery like flour, chopped (like chopped eggs), or thick (like jam), and (3) the mixture forms a thick dough-like substance [1]
  2. It’s forbidden to mix two ingredients when they combine either (1) because one of them is a liquid, (2) there is liquid naturally present in one of the ingredients (such as a fruit), or (3) one of the ingredients is a thick coagulating substance (such as mayonnaise). [2]
    1. If there is no liquid added and there’s no way that the ingredients will fuse it’s permitted to mix the ingredients. For example, it's permissible to mix sugar and cocoa powder or cinnamon. [3]
    2. It's permissible to pour honey on whole nuts. [4]
  3. Kneading flour and water is a violation of the biblical prohibition of Losh (kneading).[5]

Combining the ingredients

  1. Just as it is forbidden to knead two ingredients together so too it is forbidden to pour one onto the other so that they will mix automatically. Therefore it is forbidden to pour water onto flour or flour onto water on Shabbat. [6]

A mixture which was mixed before Shabbat

  1. Even if the two ingredients were poured one upon another before Shabbat it is forbidden to knead them together on Shabbat. [7]
  2. If two ingredients were kneaded together before Shabbat, it is permissible to add liquid and even mix slowly. [8]
  3. Therefore, if oil separated from peanut butter and floats on top of it, it's permissible to remix it. It would even be permissible to add more liquid more forbidden to add more solids. [9]

A mixture in which the ingredients were precooked

  1. Some say that it is permitted to mix a little amount of liquid with instant coffee or sugar and mix it gently. [10]

Making a thin mixture

What is a thin mixture?

  1. Ashkenazim hold that anything which pours from one vessel to another is considered a thin mixture. [11] Sephardim hold that even if it pours from vessel to vessel it’s not considered a liquid unless it is drinkable and not just meant for eating. [12]

When is it permissible to make a thin mixture?

  1. According to Ashkenazim, it is only permitted to mix a thin mixture if one both changes the order of putting in the ingredients and stir it in a different way. [13]
  2. According to Sephardim it’s permitted to mix a thin mixture if one either changes the order in which one puts in the ingredients or if one changes the way one mixes. [14]

What is considered a change in the order?

  1. A variation in the order means that if one normally puts the solid ingredient in first, then one should put the liquid ingredient in first, if one normally puts the liquid in first, then put the solid in first. If there is no set order then one should put the solid in first. [15]
  2. If one doesn’t know what order is the common practice one may assume that the instructions on the package is the common practice and one may reverse the order of that. [16]
  3. If there’s no clear common practice one such put the solids first and then the liquid. However, one should only use this leniency in cases of necessity. [17]
  4. If there is no liquid but only a coagulating substance (ex: mayonnaise) there is no need to change the order in combining the ingredients. [18]

What is considered a change in mixing?

  1. If possible one should stir it with one’s finger or mix it by moving the bowl. If that’s not possible one should use an instrument but mix in a criss cross manner and preferably remove the utensil after each stroke. [19] according to some mixing it with the handle of the spoon or knife is sufficient. [20]

Making a thick mixture

  1. If one needs to prepare a thick mixture on Shabbat and one can’t make it before Shabbat, then before Shabbat one should mix in some liquid so that all of the solid is saturated and then on Shabbat one may mix in more liquid as long as this doesn’t cause the mixture to thicken and one also does the two variations above (switch order and way it’s mixed). [21]
  2. If there is a need to prepare a thick mixture on Shabbat and one can’t add the liquid before Shabbat (such as if one needs fresh food for a baby) then one may make the mixture on Shabbat if one is careful about the two variations above (switch order and way it’s mixed). [22]

Making a watery mixture

  1. It is permitted to mix solid particles with a lot of liquid if it will result in a very watery mixture such as making baby formula from powder and water. Nonetheless, one must be careful to pour in the liquid at once and not gradually. [23]

Mashing a banana

  1. It's permissible to mash a banana with the handle of a fork or spoon. [24]
  2. However it is forbidden to add any liquid to such a mixture. [25]

Making salad

  1. The prohibition of kneading does not apply to large chunks of food which will be distinct even after being mixed. [26]
    1. For example, one may dress a salad (with oil, vinegar, mayonnaise, and seasoning) if the vegetables are slightly large pieces. [27]

Instant mashed potatoes

  1. One may not make instant mashed potatoes as it is considered a thick mixture. [28]

Instant pudding

  1. One may not make instant pudding as it is considered a thick mixture. [29]

Other examples

  1. One should avoid urinating on soft dirt on Shabbat. [30] unless it is a case of great need and there’s no alternative. [31]

References

  1. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:1
  2. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:1, Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 143)
  3. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4 explains that since the ingredients don't stick together into one dough. Chut HaSheni (vol 1 pg 105) agrees.
  4. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4 explains that since the ingredients don't stick together into one dough.
  5. ↑ As is evident from gemara Shabbat (18a), mixing flour and water is a violation of Losh (Menuchat Ahava 9:1). Chut HaSheni (Shabbat vol 1 pg 105) defines Losh as the prohibition to mix two ingredients using a liquid to form a dough.
  6. ↑ In Gemara Shabbat (18a) there is a dispute whether one is liable for violating Losh by simply pouring liquid into flour or only if one both pours in the water and mixes it. The majority of the Rishonim hold that one isn't biblically liable until one has both poured in water and mixed it into dough (Mishna Brurah 321:50), nonetheless, Mishna Brurah 321:57 (quoting the Magan Avraham) there is a rabbinic prohibition even for just pouring liquid into flour or the opposite. This is also the ruling of Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:5, 39 Melachos (by Rabbi Ribiat, vol 1, pg 531), and Menuchat Ahava 9:1.
  7. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:6 based on Biur Halacha 321:15 D"H Ein
  8. ↑ S"A 321:15, Mishna Brurah 321:58, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:7
  9. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:7
  10. ↑ Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:20, pg 308) based on the fact that the powders are precooked.
  11. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:8
  12. ↑ Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:12, pg 301)
  13. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:9
  14. ↑ Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:10-11, pg 298-300)
  15. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:9
  16. ↑ Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 150) quoting Rav Shienburg
  17. ↑ Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 150)
  18. ↑ Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 151)
  19. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:9
  20. ↑ Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #6, in some editions #11), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 1, pg 545). Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 153) agrees and adds that this isn't sufficient for a thick mixture.
  21. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:10
  22. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:11
  23. ↑ Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 147), Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:13, pg 302)
  24. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:3 writes that it's permissible in terms of Losh even though it sticks together because it is not composed of two ingredients. Nonetheless due to a concern of Tochen one must use the handle of a fork or spoon. A similar analysis is found in Sh"T Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #2 at the end) and Chazon Ish (OC 58:9 D"H Yesh)
  25. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:3
  26. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4, Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 143)
  27. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:4 explains that since the ingredients don't stick together into one dough. Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 143) agrees.
  28. ↑ Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:15, pg 304), Practical Laws of Shabbat (Rabbi Rafael Soae, vol 2, pg 111), Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 164), See Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #7)
  29. ↑ Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:15, pg 304), Shabbat Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, chap 11, pg 164), See Igrot Moshe 4:74 (Losh #7)
  30. ↑ Mishna Brurah 321:57
  31. ↑ Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 9:2, pg 287)
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