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Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
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* Sh”t Ish Matzliach O”C 1:15 pg 42 D”h Vehalah explains that S”A ruled like the Rosh because it was the prevalent Minhag. Concerning Brachot Kriyat Shema, Mishna Brurah 58:1 says based on Rashi (Brachot 11b s.v Yotzer Or) the [[Brachot]] Kriyat Shema can also only be said when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]]. This is also the opinion of Halacha Brurah 58:2. | * Sh”t Ish Matzliach O”C 1:15 pg 42 D”h Vehalah explains that S”A ruled like the Rosh because it was the prevalent Minhag. Concerning Brachot Kriyat Shema, Mishna Brurah 58:1 says based on Rashi (Brachot 11b s.v Yotzer Or) the [[Brachot]] Kriyat Shema can also only be said when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]]. This is also the opinion of Halacha Brurah 58:2. | ||
* Rav Moshe Feinstein in Iggeros Moshe OC 4:6 rules that misheyakir is 35 minutes before sunrise. Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky in Emes liyaakov OC 58:1 rules that it is 36 minutes before sunrise. </ref> | * Rav Moshe Feinstein in Iggeros Moshe OC 4:6 rules that misheyakir is 35 minutes before sunrise. Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky in Emes liyaakov OC 58:1 rules that it is 36 minutes before sunrise. </ref> | ||
# If one is in extenuating circumstances so that one will not be able to say Kriyat Shema (even just to say the first פסוק of Shema and the following one until Ad Livavecha) after [[MeSheYakir]] with any Kavana (proper intent) because one will be traveling, one may say it after Olot Hashachar. <Ref>S”A 58:3. Sh”t Ish Matzliach 1:15 writes that nowadays when we travel in cars, trains, and airplanes this leniency doesn’t apply. However, the Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 58:10) writes that this halacha is still applicable to those who have to catch a plane very early and will not be able to say Shema with Kavana (and also it’ll be difficult to put on [[ | # If one is in extenuating circumstances so that one will not be able to say Kriyat Shema (even just to say the first פסוק of Shema and the following one until Ad Livavecha) after [[MeSheYakir]] with any Kavana (proper intent) because one will be traveling, one may say it after Olot Hashachar. <Ref>S”A 58:3. Sh”t Ish Matzliach 1:15 writes that nowadays when we travel in cars, trains, and airplanes this leniency doesn’t apply. However, the Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 58:10) writes that this halacha is still applicable to those who have to catch a plane very early and will not be able to say Shema with Kavana (and also it’ll be difficult to put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] at that time). </ref> | ||
# Even in extenuating circumstances one may not make a Bracha upon putting on [[ | # Even in extenuating circumstances one may not make a Bracha upon putting on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] any time before [[MeSheyakir]]; rather one should put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] without a Bracha and after [[MeSheyakir]] has arrived one may make the [[Brachot]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 58:16, Halacha Brurah 58:9 </ref> | ||
==Can one say Shema at [[Olot HaShachar]]?== | ==Can one say Shema at [[Olot HaShachar]]?== | ||
# If one has a pressing need meaning that he traveling to a dangerous place or that he’s traveling and the group won’t wait for him at all, and one knows that he will not be able to have kavana to say the first parsha of Shema later, one can say Shema at [[Olot HaShachar]] (72 minutes in [[Shaot Zmaniot]] before [[HaNetz]] earlier than one is able to recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]]). <ref> S”A 58:3. On [[Brachot]] 8b Rabbi Shimon Ben Yochai says that it’s possible to say Shema twice at night once before Olot for the obligation of night and once after Olot for the day obligation. Rif ([[Brachot]] 2b), Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:12), Rashba ([[Brachot]] 9a s.v. LeIyan Hafsaka), Ramban (Milchamot [[Brachot]]), and Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah (2b s.v. Iy Nami) write that one should only say it at Olot if it’s Shat HaDachak. Bet Yosef brings the Mahari Ahavuhav who implies this from the Tur. Bet Yosef explains that Tosfot (8b s.v. Lo) holds that one can’t say Shema at Olot but only at when one can recognize an acquaintance. [Bach disagrees and explains that tosfot would agree in a Shat HaDachak]. Bal HaMoar (beginning of [[Brachot]]) argues on the Rif and writes that one can’t say it until [[HaNetz]]. Magen Avraham 58:4 challenges S”A’s wording that one can say it early if one won’t be able to have kavana in the first paragraph because S”A 63:4 says that one only needs Kavana in the first pasuk. </ref> | # If one has a pressing need meaning that he traveling to a dangerous place or that he’s traveling and the group won’t wait for him at all, and one knows that he will not be able to have kavana to say the first parsha of Shema later, one can say Shema at [[Olot HaShachar]] (72 minutes in [[Shaot Zmaniot]] before [[HaNetz]] earlier than one is able to recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]]). <ref> S”A 58:3. On [[Brachot]] 8b Rabbi Shimon Ben Yochai says that it’s possible to say Shema twice at night once before Olot for the obligation of night and once after Olot for the day obligation. Rif ([[Brachot]] 2b), Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:12), Rashba ([[Brachot]] 9a s.v. LeIyan Hafsaka), Ramban (Milchamot [[Brachot]]), and Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah (2b s.v. Iy Nami) write that one should only say it at Olot if it’s Shat HaDachak. Bet Yosef brings the Mahari Ahavuhav who implies this from the Tur. Bet Yosef explains that Tosfot (8b s.v. Lo) holds that one can’t say Shema at Olot but only at when one can recognize an acquaintance. [Bach disagrees and explains that tosfot would agree in a Shat HaDachak]. Bal HaMoar (beginning of [[Brachot]]) argues on the Rif and writes that one can’t say it until [[HaNetz]]. Magen Avraham 58:4 challenges S”A’s wording that one can say it early if one won’t be able to have kavana in the first paragraph because S”A 63:4 says that one only needs Kavana in the first pasuk. </ref> | ||
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==Saying Shema without Tefilin== | ==Saying Shema without Tefilin== | ||
# If one doesn’t have [[ | # If one doesn’t have [[Tallit]] and [[Tefilin]] and is going to miss the time for Kriyat Shema one should say Kriyat Shema with [[Brachot]] in time and then repeat it with [[Tallit]] and [[Tefilin]] without [[Brachot]]. The same is true even if one is unsure whether one will miss the time for Kriyat Shema. <ref> [[Brachot]] 14b says there that Rav said Shema and then put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefilin]] because the person who was bringing his [[Tallit]] and [[Tefilin]] forgot to bring it by the time for Shema. This is also the opinion of Levush 58:2, Sharei Knesset Gedolah 58:9, Olot Tamid 58:1, Eliyah Raba 58:5, Mishna Brurah 58:5, and Kaf HaChaim 58:11. Mishna Brurah 58:5 and Halacha Brurah 58:5 rule that one should also say Shema without [[Tefilin]] if there’s a doubt one will miss the time. </ref> | ||
# If there’s no fear of missing the time for Kriyat Shema one should put on [[ | # If there’s no fear of missing the time for Kriyat Shema one should put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefilin]] before saying Shema. <ref> Gemara [[Brachot]] says that saying Shema without [[Tefilin]] is like testifying against oneself because the parsha of Shema includes the command to wear [[Tefilin]]. Olot Tamid 58:1, Eliyah Raba 58:5, Kaf HaChaim 58:11, Halacha Brurah 58:5, and Mishna Brurah (58:5 and 25:14) rule that if there’s no fear of missing the time for Shema one shouldn’t say Shema without [[Tefilin]]. </ref> | ||
==Who's Obligated?== | ==Who's Obligated?== | ||
