Korbanot: Difference between revisions

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Although commonly Minyanim begin Shacharit from Hodu or Rabbi Yishmael, there is a significant portion of the daily prayers that must be recited before then, colloquially known as "Korbanot." This includes the Parsha of the Akeidah, assorted Bakashot, Parsha of the Tamid, Ketoret, Baraita of the Ketoret, the Perek of Mishnayot from Masechet Zevachim known as Eizehu Mekoman, and the baraita of Rabbi Yishmael.<ref>See Kaf HaChaim (Orach Chaim 48) at length who discusses each section and its meanings.</ref>
==Pre-Shacharit==
==Pre-Shacharit==
# After [[Birchot HaShachar]] and putting on [[Tefillin]], one recites parsha of the Akeda followed by the Ribbono Shel Olam Keshem SheKavash. <ref>S”A 1:5 writes that one should recite the parsha of the Akeda. The reasons given in Bet Yosef 1:5 and the achronim is to pray to Hashem to remember the Akeda and also inculcate the message of subjugating the Yetzer HaRah like Avraham Avinu. </ref>
# After [[Birchot HaShachar]] and putting on [[Tefillin]], one recites parsha of the Akeda followed by the Ribbono Shel Olam Keshem SheKavash. <ref>S”A 1:5 writes that one should recite the parsha of the Akeda. The reasons given in Bet Yosef 1:5 and the achronim is to pray to Hashem to remember the Akeda and also inculcate the message of subjugating the Yetzer HaRah like Avraham Avinu. </ref>
# The Sephardic minhag is to say the pasuk of VeShachat Otto after the Parsha of the Akeda. <Ref> S”A 1:8 writes that that together with the Parshat Korbanot one should recite the pasuk of VeShachat Otto (Vayikra 1:11). In addition to this, the Chida (Kesher Gudal 24:3), Ben Ish Chai (Od Yosef Chai, Mikeitz 2e), and Halacha Brurah 1:12 write that the Sephardic Minhag is say this pasuk after the parshat Akeda (in addition to saying it with the parshat Korbanot). However, Kaf HaChaim 1:30 writes in the name of the Rashash and a local Minhag that does not say this pasuk. </ref>
# The Sephardic minhag is to say the pasuk of VeShachat Otto after the Parsha of the Akeda. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 1:8) writes that that together with the Parshat Korbanot one should recite the pasuk of VeShachat Otto (Vayikra 1:11). In addition to this, the Chida (Kesher Gudal 24:3), Ben Ish Chai (Od Yosef Chai, Mikeitz 2e), and Halacha Brurah 1:12 write that the Sephardic Minhag is say this pasuk after the parshat Akeda (in addition to saying it with the parshat Korbanot). However, Kaf HaChaim Orach Chaim 1:30 writes in the name of the Rashash and a local Minhag that does not say this pasuk. </ref>
# There is a minhag to recite the pasuk V'ani Brov Chasdecha (ואני ברוב חסדך אבא ביתך אשתחוה אל היכל קדשך ביראתך) after entering Shul.<ref>Magen Avraham 47:1, Mishna Brurah 47:1, Ben Ish Chai Shana Rishona Vayera n. 5</ref> Some recite בבית אלהים נהלך ברגש before entering Shul.<ref>Magen Avraham 47:1, Mishna Brurah 47:1</ref>
# There is a minhag to recite the pasuk V'ani Brov Chasdecha (ואני ברוב חסדך אבא ביתך אשתחוה אל היכל קדשך ביראתך) after entering Shul.<ref>Magen Avraham 47:1, Mishna Brurah 47:1, Ben Ish Chai Shana Rishona Vayera n. 5</ref> Some recite בבית אלהים נהלך ברגש before entering Shul.<ref>Magen Avraham 47:1, Mishna Brurah 47:1</ref>


==Parshat HaTamid==
==Parshat HaTamid==
# One should read the Parshat HaTamid everyday in place of the Korbanot that we unfortunately cannot bring nowadays. <Ref>Rama (intro to 48), Mishna Brurah 48:1 </ref>
# One should read the Parshat HaTamid everyday in place of the Korbanot that we unfortunately cannot bring nowadays. <Ref>Rama (intro to 48), Mishna Brurah 48:1 </ref>
# The rabbis established saying the perek of Eizahu Mekoman and Braita of Rabbi Yishmael in order that one learn Mishna and Gemara every day. <Ref>S”A 50:1, See BeYitzchak Yikarei [[siman 1]] says that the Korbanot are minhag except these and parshat tamid are a חיוב. </ref>
# The rabbis established saying the perek of Eizahu Mekoman and Braita of Rabbi Yishmael in order that one learn Mishna and Gemara every day. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 50:1, See BeYitzchak Yikarei [[siman 1]] says that the Korbanot are minhag except these and parshat tamid are a חיוב. </ref>
# Some say to stand while reading the Parshat HaTamid especially when it is read out loud in the Tzibbur. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 48:1 </ref> The Aruch HaShulchan says that a Kohen needs to stand when reciting Parshat haTamid but not a Levi nor a Yisroel <ref> Aruch HaShulchan 1:26 </ref>
# Some say to stand while reading the Parshat HaTamid especially when it is read out loud in the Tzibbur. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 48:1 </ref> The Aruch HaShulchan says that a Kohen needs to stand when reciting Parshat haTamid but not a Levi nor a Yisroel <ref> Aruch HaShulchan 1:26 </ref>
# The minhag is also to say the order of services in the Bet Hamikdash in the paragraph “Abaye Hava Omer”. Anyone who knows how to learn should learn the meaning of the text from the Gemara so that reading it counts as actual sacrifices. <Ref>Maamar Mordechai 50, Mishna Brurah 48:1</ref>
# The minhag is also to say the order of services in the Bet Hamikdash in the paragraph “Abaye Hava Omer”. Anyone who knows how to learn should learn the meaning of the text from the Gemara so that reading it counts as actual sacrifices. <Ref>Maamar Mordechai 50, Mishna Brurah 48:1</ref>
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==Korbanot==
==Korbanot==
# One should say the Parshat Ketoret every day before [[Shacharit]]. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 1:18 </ref>
# One should say the Parshat Ketoret every day before [[Shacharit]]. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 1:18 </ref>
# Some say that one should recite the Parshat HaMaan everyday; however the minhag is not to say it. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 1:13 </ref>
# After Parshat HaTamid, one should say the perek of Eizehu Mekoman and the Braita of Rabbi Yishamael to fulfill [[learning Torah]], Mishna, and Gemara daily.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch 50:1. The Ritva Berachot 4b thinks they fulfills the obligation of "Lo Yamush" along with Ashrei.</ref> One must understand what one is saying when one reads Eizehu Mekoman and the Braita of Rabbi Yishmael.<Ref>Mishna Brurah 50:2 writes clearly that in order to fulfill [[learning Torah]] through Eizehu Mekoman and the Braita of Rabbi Yishmael one must understand what one is saying and if one does not know one should learn it.</ref>
# Some say that one should recite the Aseret HaDibrot everyday; however it is forbidden to say it as a congregation. Amyway, the minhag is not to say it at all. <Ref>S”A 1:5 writes that one should say the Aseret HaDibrot daily. The Rama adds that it must be said in private because saying it as a congregation was forbidden by the Rabbis so that the heretics do not say that this is the whole Torah. Nonetheless, Chida (Ayin Tov 10) and Halacha Brurah 1:14 write that the minhag is not to say it at all like the Arizal (Hakdama to Shaar HaKavana) </ref>
# One may sit during Korbanot; however, it is preferable to stand, especially for Parshat HaTamid.<Ref>The Olat Tamid 1:8 writes that the Korbanot should be said standing since the actual Korbanot in the Bet HaMikdash were brought standing. This is brought down in the Magen Avraham 48:1, Yad Aharon (on the Tur 1:3; in name of the Arizal), Emek Bracha (Siman 18), and Be'er Heitev 1:12.  However, Shalmei Tzibur (pg 62a) writes that it is from the Arizal that one should sit. The Mateh Yehuda 1:8 concludes that it is no more than a chumra, since the requirements of Korbanot only encompass the general laws of Korbanot such as saying them during the day, but the actual details carried out by the cohen are not applicable to our saying the Korbanot. To this, many Acharonim agree, including Tevuot Shor (pg 109a), Eliyah Rabbah 1:10, Birkei Yosef 1:14, Machzik Bracha 48, Kesher Gudal 7:22, Maamar Mordechai 102:2, Kisei Eliyahu 48, Sh”t Lev Chaim 1:13, Ruach Chaim 1:32, and Halacha Brurah 1:17. Mishna Brurah 48:1 writes in name of the Pri Megadim that one only needs to stand for Parshat HaTamid.</ref>
# The obligation to say Korbanot really includes saying the Parshat Olah, Parshat Mincha, Parshat Todah, Parshat Shlamim, Parshat Chatat, and Parshat Asham. However, the minhag is to fulfill one’s obligation with just reading the perek of Eizhu Mekoman. <Ref> Tur and S”A 1:5 write that there is an obligation to say the Parshat Korbanot including the parshiot of Olah, Mincha, Todah, Shlamim, Chatat, and Asham. However, Sh”t Lev Chaim 1:11 and Bnei Tzion 1:4 allow one to only say Eizhu Makoman and fulfill one’s obligation with that. </ref>
# One is allowed to say the Parshiot of Korbanot on [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] but one should refrain from saying the Yehee Ratzon.<Ref> Mishna Brurah 1:17 in name of the Shlah.</ref>
# After Parshat Tamid, one should say the perek of Eizehu Mekoman and the Braita of Rabbi Yishamael to fulfill [[learning Torah]], Mishna, and Gemara daily. <Ref> S”A 50:1 </ref> One must understand what one is saying when one reads Eizhu Mekoman and the Braita of Rabbi Yishmael. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 50:2 writes clearly that in order to fulfill [[learning Torah]] through Eizehu Mekoman and the Briata of Rabbi Yishmael one must understand what one is saying and if one does not know one should learn it. </ref>
# One may sit during Korbanot, however, it is preferable to stand, especially for Parshat Tamid. <Ref>The Olot Tamid 1:8 writes that the Korbanot should be said standing since the actual Korbanot in the Bet HaMikdash were brought standing. This is brought down in the Magen Avraham 48:1, Yad Aharon (on the Tur 1:3; in name of the Arizal), Emek Bracha (Siman 18), and Bear Hetiev 1:12.  However, Shalmei Tzibur (pg 62a) writes that it is from the Arizal that one should sit. The Mateh Yehuda 1:8 concludes that it is no more than a chumra, since the requirements of Korbanot only encompass the general laws of Korbanot such as saying them during the day, however, the actual details carried out by the cohen are not applicable to our saying the Korbanot. To this, many achronim agree including Tevuot Shor (pg 109a), Eliyah Rabba 1:10, Birkei Yosef 1:14, Machzik Bracha 48, Kesher Gudal 7:22, Maamer Mordechai 102:2, Kisei Eliyahu 48, Sh”t Lev Chaim 1:13, Ruach Chaim 1:32, and Halacha Brurah 1:17. Mishna Brurah 48:1 writes in name of the Pri Megadim that one only needs to stand for Parshat HaTamid. </ref>
# One is allowed to say the Parshiot Korbanot on [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] but one should refrain from saying the Yehee Ratzon. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 1:17 in name of the Shlah. </ref>
==Who Is obligated in Korbanot?==
==Who Is obligated in Korbanot?==
# On [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]], a person should say the paragraphs of the Korbanot (Olah, Mincha, Shlamim, etc). Some say a Talmid Chacham should instead learn the Parsha of the day.<Ref> (1) Knesset HaGedolah (on Tur 1:1) writes in name of the Shetei Yadot that one should say Korbanot on [[Shabbat]] and adds that such is the Minhag. Pekudat Elazar ([[Siman 1]]), Halacha Brurah 1:12, and Yalkut Yosef (Sherit Yosef 1 pg 9) write that the minhag is to say Korbanot on [[Shabbat]]. (2) Magen Avraham 1:11 and Mishna Brurah 1:17 quote the Shlah that one can say the Korbanot, but there is no obligation, and so a Talmid Chacham should preferably study the parsha of the day instead of saying Korbanot. (3) However, the Maharam Nigrin (quoted by the Knesset HaGedolah 1:1) says that the Korbanot do not need to be said on [[Shabbat]]. Machzik Bracha 1:11 writes that the minhag is not to say Korbanot on [[Shabbat]]. (4) Some argue that Parshat Akeda specifically, is not recited on [[Shabbat]], however, Mishna Brurah 1:13 writes that one can say it on [[Shabbat]] like Korbanot and Halacha Brurah 1:17 writes that such is the minhag. </ref>
# On [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]], a person should say the paragraphs of the Korbanot (Olah, Mincha, Shlamim, etc). Some say a Talmid Chacham should instead learn the Parsha of the day.<Ref>(1) Knesset HaGedolah (on Tur 1:1) writes in name of the Shetei Yadot that one should say Korbanot on [[Shabbat]] and adds that such is the Minhag. Pekudat Elazar ([[Siman 1]]), Halacha Brurah 1:12, and Yalkut Yosef (Sherit Yosef 1 pg 9) write that the minhag is to say Korbanot on [[Shabbat]].</ref>
# Women are not obligated to say Korbanot, but it is proper to say them just like men do. <Ref> In the discussion of women making [[Birchot HaTorah]] the poskim bring up the idea that women should make [[Birchot HaTorah]] as they are obligated in some portions of Torah. The Agur (quoted by the Bet Yosef 47) includes the Parshiot HaKorbanot on the list because tefillah was in place of the Korbanot and women are obligated in tefillah. This is quoted by the Levush (47), Taz (47:10; he only mentions Parshat Tamid), and Magen Avraham 47:14. Shulchan Aruch Harav 47:10 writes that women only have to say parshat tamid. Accordingly, Sh”t Lev Chaim 1:15 and Malbim in Artzot HaChaim (Lev HaAretz 6) write that women must say the Korbanot. However, Mor UKesiah (47) writes that women are not obligated in Korbanot and they are only obligated in tefillah since that is a request from Hashem. Sh”t Yosef Ometz 67 and Halacha Brurah 1:17 write that it is not an absolute chiyuv on women. Mechezeh Eliyahu 1:14 writes that the minhag is that women don't say korbanot and he justifies that practice.</ref>
# Some Ashkenazic poskim write that someone who “makes Torah his occupation” (Torato Umanuto) and does not waste time can skip them and learn instead <ref> * Magen Avraham 1:11 and Mishna Brurah 1:17 quote the Shlah that one can say the Korbanot, but there is no obligation, and so a Talmid Chacham should preferably study the parsha of the day instead of saying Korbanot. However, the Maharam Nigrin (quoted by the Knesset HaGedolah 1:1) says that the Korbanot do not need to be said on [[Shabbat]].
# A mourner does not say the Korbanot <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:17 </ref> However, he should say Parshat HaTamid if he usually does.<ref>BeYitzchak Yikareh on Mishna Brurah 1:17 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman writes that only if a person regularly says Parashat HaTamid should he say it as a mourner.</ref>
* Piskei Teshuvot 1:16 writes that someone who “makes Torah his occupation” and does not waste time can skip them and learn instead. (He bases this on the Mishna Brurah 1:12 even though the Mishna Brurah is not dealing with this directly.) Similarly, Tefilla KeHilchata (pg 185) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that someone who learns anyway saying Aizhu Mekoman and Briatta DeRabbi Yishmael is proper but not obligatory.
* However, Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah, chap 6 note 20, pg 76-7) writes that Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach’s practice was to arrive at shul 10 minutes early and say Birchot HaShachar, the paragraph before Akeda (Elokenu VeElokey until KaKatuv Betoratach), LeOlam Yehe Adam (until the end), Korbanot, and Ketoret. [It seems clear that he only said the introductory paragraph to the Akeda and not the Parshat Akeda itself.] Similarly, Yalkut Yosef 1:26 writes that a Talmid Chacham and certainly a Yeshiva student should say Parshat Akeda.
* Avnei Yashfeh (pg 118) writes that the following is the order of importance of the Korbanot: Lefikach  Anachnu Chayavim until Mekadesh Shemo BeRabim, Yehi Ratzon …SheTerachem, Parshat Tamid, Parshat Ketoret until Rabbi Natan HaBavli, Yehi Ratzon SheYehe Siach Sifatenu …KeHilchato.  Siach [[Tefilla]] (pg 637) writes that Korbanot takes precedence over Mizmor Chanukat HaBayit.</ref>.
# The Sephardic custom even for a Talmid Chacham is to say Parshat Akedah but not Parshat HaMaan or Aseret HaDibrot<ref> Machzik Bracha 1:11 writes that the minhag is not to say Korbanot on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 1:21, 1:41 writes that our minhag is to say Parshat Akeda but it is not our minhag to say Parshat HaMaan or Aseret HaDibrot. Mishna Brurah 1:13 writes that one can say it on [[Shabbat]] like Korbanot and Halacha Brurah 1:17 writes that such is the minhag.</ref>
# Women are not obligated to say Korbanot, but it is proper to say them just like men do.<Ref> In the discussion of women making [[Birchot HaTorah]] the poskim bring up the idea that women should make [[Birchot HaTorah]] as they are obligated in some portions of Torah. The Agur (quoted by the Bet Yosef 47) includes the Parshiot HaKorbanot on the list because tefillah was in place of the Korbanot and women are obligated in tefillah. This is quoted by the Levush (47), Taz (47:10; he only mentions Parshat HaTamid), and Magen Avraham 47:14. Shulchan Aruch Harav 47:10 writes that women only have to say Parshat HaTamid. Accordingly, Sh”t Lev Chaim 1:15 and Malbim in Artzot HaChaim (Lev HaAretz 6) write that women must say the Korbanot. However, Mor UKesiah (47) writes that women are not obligated in Korbanot and they are only obligated in tefillah since that is a request from Hashem. Sh”t Yosef Ometz 67 and Halacha Brurah 1:17 write that it is not an absolute chiyuv on women. Mechezeh Eliyahu 1:14 writes that the minhag is that women don't say korbanot and he justifies that practice.</ref>
# A mourner does not say the Korbanot;<ref> Mishna Brurah 1:17 </ref> however, he should say Parshat HaTamid if he usually does.<ref>BeYitzchak Yikareh on Mishna Brurah 1:17 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman writes that only if a person regularly says Parashat HaTamid should he say it as a mourner.</ref>
# It is a praiseworthy and proper practice to also recite the paragraphs of korbanot each day including: Olah (Vayikra 1:1-7), Mincha (Vayikra 2:1-13), Shlamim (Vayikra 3:1-17), Chatat (Vayikra 4:1) and Asham.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 1:5</ref>
# It is a praiseworthy and proper practice to also recite the paragraphs of korbanot each day including: Olah (Vayikra 1:1-7), Mincha (Vayikra 2:1-13), Shlamim (Vayikra 3:1-17), Chatat (Vayikra 4:1) and Asham.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 1:5</ref>


==Parts of Korbanot==
==Parts of Korbanot==
# One of the most important pieces in the korbanot section is the Parshat HaTamid (S”A 1:9). Some poskim write that klal Yisrael accepted upon themselves to say this paragraph daily.<ref>S”A HaRav 48:1 writes that Klal Yisrael accepted upon themselves as an obligation to say Parshat HaTamid. Beyitzchak Yikra 1:5 writes that Korbanot are voluntary but Parshat Tamid, Aizhu Mekoman, and Briatta DeRabbi Yishmael are obligatory. </ref> The opinion of Rabbenu Yonah is that saying parshat HaTamid is considered a chiyuv deoritta.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 5a s.v. lo</ref> Other sections of korbanot which some have the minhag to say include Parshat HaKiyor, Trumat HaDeshen, Parshat Ketoret, and Seder HaMaaracha which begins with the words Abaye Havey Mesader.<ref>S”A 1:9 writes that some have the minhag to say Parshat HaKiyor, Trumat HaDeshen, Tamid, Parshat Ketoret and how it is made. Rama 50:1 writes some say Seder HaMaaracha (Abaye Havey…). Mishna Brurah 50:1 explains this minhag as a fulfillment of studying the topic of korbanot daily. </ref>
# One of the most important pieces in the korbanot section is the Parshat HaTamid<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 1:9</ref>. Some poskim write that klal Yisrael accepted upon themselves to say this paragraph daily.<ref>S”A HaRav 48:1 writes that Klal Yisrael accepted upon themselves as an obligation to say Parshat HaTamid. BeYitzchak Yikareh 1:5 writes that Korbanot are voluntary, but Parshat Tamid, Aizhu Mekoman, and Briatta DeRabbi Yishmael are obligatory. </ref> The opinion of Rabbenu Yonah is that saying Parshat HaTamid is considered a chiyuv deoritta.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 5a s.v. lo</ref> Other sections of korbanot which some have the minhag to say include Parshat HaKiyor, Trumat HaDeshen, Parshat Ketoret, and Seder HaMaaracha which begins with the words Abaye Havey Mesader.<ref>>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 1:9 writes that some have the minhag to say Parshat HaKiyor, Trumat HaDeshen, Tamid, Parshat Ketoret and how it is made. Rama Orach Chaim 50:1 writes some say Seder HaMaaracha (Abaye Havey…). Mishna Brurah 50:1 explains this minhag as a fulfillment of studying the topic of korbanot daily. </ref> Others say that all the standard parts are required.<ref>Or LeTzion 2:7:1</ref>
# It is recommended to say Parshat Akedah and Parshat HaMaan <ref> S”A 1:5 writes that it is good to say Parshat Akedah, Parshat HaMaan, and Aseret HaDibrot. Tefilla KeHilchata (9:68 pg 180) and Ishei Yisrael (5:31, pg 50) quote this Shulchan Aruch saying that it is good to say these parshiot as halacha. </ref> before Korbanot, however, some say Parshat HaMaan after [[tefillah]] <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:13 explains that these should be said before Korbanot. However, the Chida in Machzik Bracha 1:8 writes that the Arizal did not say these three parshiot. However, Yafeh LeLev 1:24 quotes the Tov Ayin who explains that the Arizal only did not say them prior to [[tefillah]] but would say them afterwards. Piskei Teshuvot 1:16 writes that the minhag is to say Parshat HaMaan after [[tefillah]]. </ref>. It is good to say Aseret HaDibrot individually not as part of [[tefillah]] <ref> Rama 1:5 writes that Aseret HaDibrot may only be said by an individual. Mishna Brurah 1:16 adds that an individual may only say it not as part of [[tefillah]] and may not establish it among the [[Brachot]]. </ref>.
# It is recommended to say Parshat Akedah and Parshat HaMaan <ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 1:5 writes that it is good to say Parshat Akedah, Parshat HaMaan, and Aseret HaDibrot. Tefilla KeHilchata (9:68 pg 180) and Ishei Yisrael (5:31, pg 50) quote this Shulchan Aruch saying that it is good to say these parshiot as halacha. </ref> before Korbanot, however, some say Parshat HaMaan after [[tefillah]] <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:13 explains that these should be said before Korbanot. However, the Chida in Machzik Bracha 1:8 writes that the Arizal did not say these three parshiot. However, Yafeh LeLev 1:24 quotes the Tov Ayin who explains that the Arizal only did not say them prior to [[tefillah]] but would say them afterwards. Piskei Teshuvot 1:16 writes that the minhag is to say Parshat HaMaan after [[tefillah]]. Halacha Brurah 1:13 also quotes the custom of saying Parashat HaMaan.</ref>.  
# Some Ashkenazic poskim write that someone who “makes Torah his occupation” and does not waste time can skip them and learn instead <ref>
# It is good to say Aseret HaDibrot on one's own but not as part of communal[[tefillah]]<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 1:5 writes that one should say the Aseret HaDibrot daily. The Rama adds that it must be said in private because saying it as a congregation was forbidden by the Rabbis so that the heretics do not say that this is the whole Torah. Mishna Brurah 1:16 adds that an individual may only say it not as part of [[tefillah]] and may not establish it among the [[Brachot]]. Nonetheless, Chida (Ayin Tov 10) and Halacha Brurah 1:14 write that the minhag is not to say it at all like the Arizal (Hakdama to Shaar HaKavvanot).</ref>.  
* Piskei Teshuvot 1:16 writes that someone who “makes Torah his occupation” and does not waste time can skip them and learn instead. (He bases this on the Mishna Brurah 1:12 even though the Mishna Brurah is not dealing with this directly.) Similarly, Tefilla KeHilchata (pg 185) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that someone who learns anyway saying Aizhu Mekoman and Briatta DeRabbi Yishmael is proper but not obligatory.
* However, Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah, chap 6 note 20, pg 76-7) writes that Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach’s practice was to arrive at shul 10 minutes early and say Birchot HaShachar, the paragraph before Akeda (Elokenu VeElokey until KaKatuv Betoratach), LeOlam Yehe Adam (until the end), Korbanot, and Ketoret. [It seems clear that he only said the introductory paragraph to the Akeda and not the Parshat Akeda itself.] Similarly, Yalkut Yosef 1:26 writes that a Talmid Chacham and certainly a Yeshiva student should say Parshat Akeda.
# The obligation to say Korbanot really includes saying the Parshat HaOlah, Parshat HaMincha, Parshat HaTodah, Parshat HaShlamim, Parshat HaChatat, and Parshat HaAsham. However, the minhag is to fulfill one’s obligation with just reading the perek of Eizhu Mekoman. <Ref> Tur and Shulchan Aruch 1:5 write that there is an obligation to say the Parshat Korbanot including the parshiot of Olah, Mincha, Todah, Shlamim, Chatat, and Asham. Mishna Brurah 1:14 adds Parshat Todah and Parshat Nesachim after Olah, Shlamim, and Todah. Rav Avigdor Nevensal (BeYitzchak Yikareh 1:5) writes that it is only a minhag and not an obligation to say all of the parshiyot of korbanot.
* Avnei Yishfeh (pg 118) writes that the following is the order of importance of the Korbanot: Lefikach  Anachnu Chayavim until Mekadesh Shemo BeRabim, Yehi Ratzon …SheTerachem, Parshat Tamid, Parshat Ketoret until Rabbi Natan HaBavli, Yehi Ratzon SheYehe Siach Sifatenu …KeHilchato.  Siach [[Tefilla]] (pg 637) writes that Korbanot takes precedence over Mizmor Chanukat HaBayit.</ref>.  
* Halacha Brurah 1:15 quotes the Sh”t Lev Chaim 1:11 and Sh”t Binei Tzion 1:6 who hold that saying Eizhu Mekoman satisfies saying Korbanot and concludes that such is the minhag. Piskei Teshuvot 1:16 agrees that such is the minhag.  
# The Sephardic custom even for a Talmid Chacham is to say Parshat Akedah but not Parshat HaMaan or Aseret HaDibrot<ref> Yalkut Yosef 1:21, 1:41 writes that our minhag is to say Parshat Akeda but it is not our minhag to say Parshat HaMaan or Aseret HaDibrot. </ref>.
# It is recommended to say the parshiot of Korbanot (Olah, Mincha…). Some say that the minhag is to fulfill the “obligation” to say Korbanot by saying Eizhu Mekoman. <ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 1:5 writes that it is good to say Parshat Olah, Mincha, Shlamim, Chatat, and Asham. Mishna Brurah 1:14 adds Parshat Todah and Parshat Nesachim after Olah, Shlamim, and Todah. Rav Nevinsal (Byitzchak Yikreh 1:5) writes that it is only a minhag and not an obligation to say all of the parshiyot of korbanot.
* Halacha Brurah 1:15 quotes the Sh”t Lev Chaim and Sh”t Binei Tzion 1:6 who hold that saying Eizhu Mekoman satisfies saying Korbanot and concludes that such is the minhag. Piskei Teshuvot 1:16 agrees that such is the minhag.  
* However, Yalkut Yosef 1:25-6 writes that it is a good minhag to say Parshat HaKorbanot (besides Aizhu Mekoman). Also, Tefilla KeHilchata (9:71-6 pg 181-2) and Ishei Yisrael (5:33, pg 51) quote the Shulchan Aruch that one should say Parshat HaKorbanot as halacha. (See also Halichot Shlomo (chap 6, note 24, pg 78) which quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as not approving of those who became weak in saying Parshat HaKorbanot.) </ref>
* However, Yalkut Yosef 1:25-6 writes that it is a good minhag to say Parshat HaKorbanot (besides Aizhu Mekoman). Also, Tefilla KeHilchata (9:71-6 pg 181-2) and Ishei Yisrael (5:33, pg 51) quote the Shulchan Aruch that one should say Parshat HaKorbanot as halacha. (See also Halichot Shlomo (chap 6, note 24, pg 78) which quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as not approving of those who became weak in saying Parshat HaKorbanot.) </ref>


Revision as of 18:41, 30 June 2020

Although commonly Minyanim begin Shacharit from Hodu or Rabbi Yishmael, there is a significant portion of the daily prayers that must be recited before then, colloquially known as "Korbanot." This includes the Parsha of the Akeidah, assorted Bakashot, Parsha of the Tamid, Ketoret, Baraita of the Ketoret, the Perek of Mishnayot from Masechet Zevachim known as Eizehu Mekoman, and the baraita of Rabbi Yishmael.[1]

Pre-Shacharit

  1. After Birchot HaShachar and putting on Tefillin, one recites parsha of the Akeda followed by the Ribbono Shel Olam Keshem SheKavash. [2]
  2. The Sephardic minhag is to say the pasuk of VeShachat Otto after the Parsha of the Akeda. [3]
  3. There is a minhag to recite the pasuk V'ani Brov Chasdecha (ואני ברוב חסדך אבא ביתך אשתחוה אל היכל קדשך ביראתך) after entering Shul.[4] Some recite בבית אלהים נהלך ברגש before entering Shul.[5]

Parshat HaTamid

  1. One should read the Parshat HaTamid everyday in place of the Korbanot that we unfortunately cannot bring nowadays. [6]
  2. The rabbis established saying the perek of Eizahu Mekoman and Braita of Rabbi Yishmael in order that one learn Mishna and Gemara every day. [7]
  3. Some say to stand while reading the Parshat HaTamid especially when it is read out loud in the Tzibbur. [8] The Aruch HaShulchan says that a Kohen needs to stand when reciting Parshat haTamid but not a Levi nor a Yisroel [9]
  4. The minhag is also to say the order of services in the Bet Hamikdash in the paragraph “Abaye Hava Omer”. Anyone who knows how to learn should learn the meaning of the text from the Gemara so that reading it counts as actual sacrifices. [10]

Korbanot

  1. One should say the Parshat Ketoret every day before Shacharit. [11]
  2. After Parshat HaTamid, one should say the perek of Eizehu Mekoman and the Braita of Rabbi Yishamael to fulfill learning Torah, Mishna, and Gemara daily.[12] One must understand what one is saying when one reads Eizehu Mekoman and the Braita of Rabbi Yishmael.[13]
  3. One may sit during Korbanot; however, it is preferable to stand, especially for Parshat HaTamid.[14]
  4. One is allowed to say the Parshiot of Korbanot on Shabbat and Yom Tov but one should refrain from saying the Yehee Ratzon.[15]

Who Is obligated in Korbanot?

  1. On Shabbat and Yom Tov, a person should say the paragraphs of the Korbanot (Olah, Mincha, Shlamim, etc). Some say a Talmid Chacham should instead learn the Parsha of the day.[16]
  2. Some Ashkenazic poskim write that someone who “makes Torah his occupation” (Torato Umanuto) and does not waste time can skip them and learn instead [17].
  3. The Sephardic custom even for a Talmid Chacham is to say Parshat Akedah but not Parshat HaMaan or Aseret HaDibrot[18]
  4. Women are not obligated to say Korbanot, but it is proper to say them just like men do.[19]
  5. A mourner does not say the Korbanot;[20] however, he should say Parshat HaTamid if he usually does.[21]
  6. It is a praiseworthy and proper practice to also recite the paragraphs of korbanot each day including: Olah (Vayikra 1:1-7), Mincha (Vayikra 2:1-13), Shlamim (Vayikra 3:1-17), Chatat (Vayikra 4:1) and Asham.[22]

Parts of Korbanot

  1. One of the most important pieces in the korbanot section is the Parshat HaTamid[23]. Some poskim write that klal Yisrael accepted upon themselves to say this paragraph daily.[24] The opinion of Rabbenu Yonah is that saying Parshat HaTamid is considered a chiyuv deoritta.[25] Other sections of korbanot which some have the minhag to say include Parshat HaKiyor, Trumat HaDeshen, Parshat Ketoret, and Seder HaMaaracha which begins with the words Abaye Havey Mesader.[26] Others say that all the standard parts are required.[27]
  2. It is recommended to say Parshat Akedah and Parshat HaMaan [28] before Korbanot, however, some say Parshat HaMaan after tefillah [29].
  3. It is good to say Aseret HaDibrot on one's own but not as part of communaltefillah[30].
  1. The obligation to say Korbanot really includes saying the Parshat HaOlah, Parshat HaMincha, Parshat HaTodah, Parshat HaShlamim, Parshat HaChatat, and Parshat HaAsham. However, the minhag is to fulfill one’s obligation with just reading the perek of Eizhu Mekoman. [31]

Sources

  1. ↑ See Kaf HaChaim (Orach Chaim 48) at length who discusses each section and its meanings.
  2. ↑ S”A 1:5 writes that one should recite the parsha of the Akeda. The reasons given in Bet Yosef 1:5 and the achronim is to pray to Hashem to remember the Akeda and also inculcate the message of subjugating the Yetzer HaRah like Avraham Avinu.
  3. ↑ Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 1:8) writes that that together with the Parshat Korbanot one should recite the pasuk of VeShachat Otto (Vayikra 1:11). In addition to this, the Chida (Kesher Gudal 24:3), Ben Ish Chai (Od Yosef Chai, Mikeitz 2e), and Halacha Brurah 1:12 write that the Sephardic Minhag is say this pasuk after the parshat Akeda (in addition to saying it with the parshat Korbanot). However, Kaf HaChaim Orach Chaim 1:30 writes in the name of the Rashash and a local Minhag that does not say this pasuk.
  4. ↑ Magen Avraham 47:1, Mishna Brurah 47:1, Ben Ish Chai Shana Rishona Vayera n. 5
  5. ↑ Magen Avraham 47:1, Mishna Brurah 47:1
  6. ↑ Rama (intro to 48), Mishna Brurah 48:1
  7. ↑ Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 50:1, See BeYitzchak Yikarei siman 1 says that the Korbanot are minhag except these and parshat tamid are a חיוב.
  8. ↑ Mishna Brurah 48:1
  9. ↑ Aruch HaShulchan 1:26
  10. ↑ Maamar Mordechai 50, Mishna Brurah 48:1
  11. ↑ Halacha Brurah 1:18
  12. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 50:1. The Ritva Berachot 4b thinks they fulfills the obligation of "Lo Yamush" along with Ashrei.
  13. ↑ Mishna Brurah 50:2 writes clearly that in order to fulfill learning Torah through Eizehu Mekoman and the Braita of Rabbi Yishmael one must understand what one is saying and if one does not know one should learn it.
  14. ↑ The Olat Tamid 1:8 writes that the Korbanot should be said standing since the actual Korbanot in the Bet HaMikdash were brought standing. This is brought down in the Magen Avraham 48:1, Yad Aharon (on the Tur 1:3; in name of the Arizal), Emek Bracha (Siman 18), and Be'er Heitev 1:12. However, Shalmei Tzibur (pg 62a) writes that it is from the Arizal that one should sit. The Mateh Yehuda 1:8 concludes that it is no more than a chumra, since the requirements of Korbanot only encompass the general laws of Korbanot such as saying them during the day, but the actual details carried out by the cohen are not applicable to our saying the Korbanot. To this, many Acharonim agree, including Tevuot Shor (pg 109a), Eliyah Rabbah 1:10, Birkei Yosef 1:14, Machzik Bracha 48, Kesher Gudal 7:22, Maamar Mordechai 102:2, Kisei Eliyahu 48, Sh”t Lev Chaim 1:13, Ruach Chaim 1:32, and Halacha Brurah 1:17. Mishna Brurah 48:1 writes in name of the Pri Megadim that one only needs to stand for Parshat HaTamid.
  15. ↑ Mishna Brurah 1:17 in name of the Shlah.
  16. ↑ (1) Knesset HaGedolah (on Tur 1:1) writes in name of the Shetei Yadot that one should say Korbanot on Shabbat and adds that such is the Minhag. Pekudat Elazar (Siman 1), Halacha Brurah 1:12, and Yalkut Yosef (Sherit Yosef 1 pg 9) write that the minhag is to say Korbanot on Shabbat.
  17. ↑ * Magen Avraham 1:11 and Mishna Brurah 1:17 quote the Shlah that one can say the Korbanot, but there is no obligation, and so a Talmid Chacham should preferably study the parsha of the day instead of saying Korbanot. However, the Maharam Nigrin (quoted by the Knesset HaGedolah 1:1) says that the Korbanot do not need to be said on Shabbat.
    • Piskei Teshuvot 1:16 writes that someone who “makes Torah his occupation” and does not waste time can skip them and learn instead. (He bases this on the Mishna Brurah 1:12 even though the Mishna Brurah is not dealing with this directly.) Similarly, Tefilla KeHilchata (pg 185) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that someone who learns anyway saying Aizhu Mekoman and Briatta DeRabbi Yishmael is proper but not obligatory.
    • However, Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah, chap 6 note 20, pg 76-7) writes that Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach’s practice was to arrive at shul 10 minutes early and say Birchot HaShachar, the paragraph before Akeda (Elokenu VeElokey until KaKatuv Betoratach), LeOlam Yehe Adam (until the end), Korbanot, and Ketoret. [It seems clear that he only said the introductory paragraph to the Akeda and not the Parshat Akeda itself.] Similarly, Yalkut Yosef 1:26 writes that a Talmid Chacham and certainly a Yeshiva student should say Parshat Akeda.
    • Avnei Yashfeh (pg 118) writes that the following is the order of importance of the Korbanot: Lefikach Anachnu Chayavim until Mekadesh Shemo BeRabim, Yehi Ratzon …SheTerachem, Parshat Tamid, Parshat Ketoret until Rabbi Natan HaBavli, Yehi Ratzon SheYehe Siach Sifatenu …KeHilchato. Siach Tefilla (pg 637) writes that Korbanot takes precedence over Mizmor Chanukat HaBayit.
  18. ↑ Machzik Bracha 1:11 writes that the minhag is not to say Korbanot on Shabbat. Yalkut Yosef 1:21, 1:41 writes that our minhag is to say Parshat Akeda but it is not our minhag to say Parshat HaMaan or Aseret HaDibrot. Mishna Brurah 1:13 writes that one can say it on Shabbat like Korbanot and Halacha Brurah 1:17 writes that such is the minhag.
  19. ↑ In the discussion of women making Birchot HaTorah the poskim bring up the idea that women should make Birchot HaTorah as they are obligated in some portions of Torah. The Agur (quoted by the Bet Yosef 47) includes the Parshiot HaKorbanot on the list because tefillah was in place of the Korbanot and women are obligated in tefillah. This is quoted by the Levush (47), Taz (47:10; he only mentions Parshat HaTamid), and Magen Avraham 47:14. Shulchan Aruch Harav 47:10 writes that women only have to say Parshat HaTamid. Accordingly, Sh”t Lev Chaim 1:15 and Malbim in Artzot HaChaim (Lev HaAretz 6) write that women must say the Korbanot. However, Mor UKesiah (47) writes that women are not obligated in Korbanot and they are only obligated in tefillah since that is a request from Hashem. Sh”t Yosef Ometz 67 and Halacha Brurah 1:17 write that it is not an absolute chiyuv on women. Mechezeh Eliyahu 1:14 writes that the minhag is that women don't say korbanot and he justifies that practice.
  20. ↑ Mishna Brurah 1:17
  21. ↑ BeYitzchak Yikareh on Mishna Brurah 1:17 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman writes that only if a person regularly says Parashat HaTamid should he say it as a mourner.
  22. ↑ Shulchan Aruch O.C. 1:5
  23. ↑ Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 1:9
  24. ↑ S”A HaRav 48:1 writes that Klal Yisrael accepted upon themselves as an obligation to say Parshat HaTamid. BeYitzchak Yikareh 1:5 writes that Korbanot are voluntary, but Parshat Tamid, Aizhu Mekoman, and Briatta DeRabbi Yishmael are obligatory.
  25. ↑ Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 5a s.v. lo
  26. ↑ >Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 1:9 writes that some have the minhag to say Parshat HaKiyor, Trumat HaDeshen, Tamid, Parshat Ketoret and how it is made. Rama Orach Chaim 50:1 writes some say Seder HaMaaracha (Abaye Havey…). Mishna Brurah 50:1 explains this minhag as a fulfillment of studying the topic of korbanot daily.
  27. ↑ Or LeTzion 2:7:1
  28. ↑ Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 1:5 writes that it is good to say Parshat Akedah, Parshat HaMaan, and Aseret HaDibrot. Tefilla KeHilchata (9:68 pg 180) and Ishei Yisrael (5:31, pg 50) quote this Shulchan Aruch saying that it is good to say these parshiot as halacha.
  29. ↑ Mishna Brurah 1:13 explains that these should be said before Korbanot. However, the Chida in Machzik Bracha 1:8 writes that the Arizal did not say these three parshiot. However, Yafeh LeLev 1:24 quotes the Tov Ayin who explains that the Arizal only did not say them prior to tefillah but would say them afterwards. Piskei Teshuvot 1:16 writes that the minhag is to say Parshat HaMaan after tefillah. Halacha Brurah 1:13 also quotes the custom of saying Parashat HaMaan.
  30. ↑ Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 1:5 writes that one should say the Aseret HaDibrot daily. The Rama adds that it must be said in private because saying it as a congregation was forbidden by the Rabbis so that the heretics do not say that this is the whole Torah. Mishna Brurah 1:16 adds that an individual may only say it not as part of tefillah and may not establish it among the Brachot. Nonetheless, Chida (Ayin Tov 10) and Halacha Brurah 1:14 write that the minhag is not to say it at all like the Arizal (Hakdama to Shaar HaKavvanot).
  31. ↑ Tur and Shulchan Aruch 1:5 write that there is an obligation to say the Parshat Korbanot including the parshiot of Olah, Mincha, Todah, Shlamim, Chatat, and Asham. Mishna Brurah 1:14 adds Parshat Todah and Parshat Nesachim after Olah, Shlamim, and Todah. Rav Avigdor Nevensal (BeYitzchak Yikareh 1:5) writes that it is only a minhag and not an obligation to say all of the parshiyot of korbanot.
    • Halacha Brurah 1:15 quotes the Sh”t Lev Chaim 1:11 and Sh”t Binei Tzion 1:6 who hold that saying Eizhu Mekoman satisfies saying Korbanot and concludes that such is the minhag. Piskei Teshuvot 1:16 agrees that such is the minhag.
    • However, Yalkut Yosef 1:25-6 writes that it is a good minhag to say Parshat HaKorbanot (besides Aizhu Mekoman). Also, Tefilla KeHilchata (9:71-6 pg 181-2) and Ishei Yisrael (5:33, pg 51) quote the Shulchan Aruch that one should say Parshat HaKorbanot as halacha. (See also Halichot Shlomo (chap 6, note 24, pg 78) which quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as not approving of those who became weak in saying Parshat HaKorbanot.)
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