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Kiddush: Difference between revisions

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==Women==
==Women==


#The Mitzvah of Kiddush is unique in that women are obligated even though it is a Mitzvat Aseh She’Hazman Grama, based on a Talmudic derivation that since women are obligated by the prohibitions of [[Shabbat]], they are also obligated in the positive commandments of the day.<ref>On [[Berachot]] 20b, Rava says that women are obligated in [[Kiddish]] on a Deoritta level because the torah compares the positive and negative commandments of [[Shabbat]] by switching the terms "Zachor" and "Shamor" implying that anyone who is obligated in the negative commands is also obligated in the positive ones. Shulchan Aruch 271:2 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 codify this as the halacha. A woman's obligation applies both at night (Mishna Brurah 271:3) and during the day (Mishna Brurah 289:6). Maharam Chalava pesachim 106a "bayom mai" disagrees and says that women aren't obligated during the day </ref>
#The Mitzvah of Kiddush is unique in that women are obligated even though it is a [[Mitzvat Aseh She’Hazman Grama]], based on a Talmudic derivation that since women are obligated by the prohibitions of [[Shabbat]], they are also obligated in the positive commandments of the day.<ref>On [[Berachot]] 20b, Rava says that women are obligated in [[Kiddish]] on a Deoritta level because the torah compares the positive and negative commandments of [[Shabbat]] by switching the terms "Zachor" and "Shamor" implying that anyone who is obligated in the negative commands is also obligated in the positive ones. Shulchan Aruch 271:2 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 codify this as the halacha. A woman's obligation applies both at night (Mishna Brurah 271:3) and during the day (Mishna Brurah 289:6). Maharam Chalava pesachim 106a "bayom mai" disagrees and says that women aren't obligated during the day </ref>
#Since women are obligated on a biblical level, they should either listen to their husband or hear another adult make [[Kiddish]] and answer [[Amen]], or say it themselves.<ref>Since women are obligated in [[Kiddish]] on a biblical level, they can definitely make [[Kiddish]] for themselves. Additionally since a man is obligated, a women can fulfill her obligation with the man's [[Kiddish]] as they both have a Deorittah obligation. According the Magen Avraham that one fulfills the Deorittah obligation in [[prayer]], if a man and women have both already prayed, they can fulfill each other's obligation since they have equal obligations. However, if the man prayed and the women didn't, then the man is obligated on a Rabbinical level and the women is obligated on a Biblical level. If so, Rav Yechezkel Landau in Dagul Mirvavah 271:2 asks, whether the women can't fulfill her obligation with the man's reading, or perhaps she can because nonetheless, men are able to fulfill the obligation of others using Arevim Zeh LaZeh (the side is also not definite because the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 3:13 last line) writes that women aren't included in Arevim). He leaves it unanswered and the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 writes that it's preferable that women say the [[kiddish]] along with the one making [[Kiddish]] so that they are fulfilling their own obligation. However, the Sh"t Rabbi Akiva Eiger 1:7 argues that certainly women are included in Arevim Zeh LaZeh (and explains that the Rosh was talking about mitzvot that women are exempt from) and so a man with a Derabbanan obligation can fulfill a woman's obligation even if she is has a Deorittah obligation. Aruch HaShulchan 271:6 and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 2 pg 24) concur. </ref>
#Since women are obligated on a biblical level, they should either listen to their husband or hear another adult make [[Kiddish]] and answer [[Amen]], or say it themselves.<ref>Since women are obligated in [[Kiddish]] on a biblical level, they can definitely make [[Kiddish]] for themselves. Additionally since a man is obligated, a women can fulfill her obligation with the man's [[Kiddish]] as they both have a Deorittah obligation. According the Magen Avraham that one fulfills the Deorittah obligation in [[prayer]], if a man and women have both already prayed, they can fulfill each other's obligation since they have equal obligations. However, if the man prayed and the women didn't, then the man is obligated on a Rabbinical level and the women is obligated on a Biblical level. If so, Rav Yechezkel Landau in Dagul Mirvavah 271:2 asks, whether the women can't fulfill her obligation with the man's reading, or perhaps she can because nonetheless, men are able to fulfill the obligation of others using Arevim Zeh LaZeh (the side is also not definite because the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 3:13 last line) writes that women aren't included in Arevim). He leaves it unanswered and the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 writes that it's preferable that women say the [[kiddish]] along with the one making [[Kiddish]] so that they are fulfilling their own obligation. However, the Sh"t Rabbi Akiva Eiger 1:7 argues that certainly women are included in Arevim Zeh LaZeh (and explains that the Rosh was talking about mitzvot that women are exempt from) and so a man with a Derabbanan obligation can fulfill a woman's obligation even if she is has a Deorittah obligation. Aruch HaShulchan 271:6 and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 2 pg 24) concur. </ref>
#Technically a woman can fulfill the obligation of her husband and family though it isn't advised.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 271:2 writes that since women are obligated in [[Kiddish]] on a Deorittah level, they can fulfill the obligation of a man who also has such an obligation. Even though the Maharshal and Bach argue with this, the Taz, Magen Araham, Gra, Mishna Brurah 271:4 all agree with Shulchan Aruch that a women can fulfill the obligation of a man. Nonetheless, Eliyah Rabbah, Derech Chaim, and Mishna Brurah 271:4 write that it's preferable that a women not fulfill the obligation of men not in her family because it's not entirely appropriate. </ref>
#Technically a woman can fulfill the obligation of her husband and family though it isn't advised.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 271:2 writes that since women are obligated in [[Kiddish]] on a Deorittah level, they can fulfill the obligation of a man who also has such an obligation. Even though the Maharshal and Bach argue with this, the Taz, Magen Araham, Gra, Mishna Brurah 271:4 all agree with Shulchan Aruch that a women can fulfill the obligation of a man. Nonetheless, Eliyah Rabbah, Derech Chaim, and Mishna Brurah 271:4 write that it's preferable that a women not fulfill the obligation of men not in her family because it's not entirely appropriate. </ref>
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