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Kiddush: Difference between revisions

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# One should use a full cup<ref>Gemara Brachot 51a, Shulchan Aruch 271:10. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/799059/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Shabbos_4_-_Inyonei_Kiddush_and_Havdalah Rav Schachter ("Hilchos Shabbos 4", min 33-5)] based on Rabbenu Yonah holds that if the cup is two thirds full it is considered full.</ref> of wine for Kiddush. Some say that grape juice is considered equally suitable as wine<ref>Yachava Daat 2:35 writes that one can use grape juice for kiddush. Or Letzion 2:20:18, Yesodei Yeshurun 3:214-215 and Mishneh Halachot 13:38 agree. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/799059/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Shabbos_4_-_Inyonei_Kiddush_and_Havdalah Rav Schachter ("Hilchos Shabbos 4", min 90-2)] quotes Rav Moshe as allowing grape juice for Kiddush but saying it is best to avoid the dispute. An [http://www.torahlab.org/doitright/using_grape_juice_for_kiddush/ article on TorahLab.org] writes that the majority of poskim hold grape juice is fit for Kiddush.</ref>, while others disagree.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 53:2 citing Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach concludes that preferably one shouldn't use grape juice for kiddush. Laws of Brachos p. 316 writes that one shouldn't use grape juice for kiddush.</ref> Regarding grape juice from concentrate see [[Grape_Juice_and_Wine#Beracha]].
# One should use a full cup<ref>Gemara Brachot 51a, Shulchan Aruch 271:10. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/799059/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Shabbos_4_-_Inyonei_Kiddush_and_Havdalah Rav Schachter ("Hilchos Shabbos 4", min 33-5)] based on Rabbenu Yonah holds that if the cup is two thirds full it is considered full.</ref> of wine for Kiddush. Some say that grape juice is considered equally suitable as wine<ref>Yachava Daat 2:35 writes that one can use grape juice for kiddush. Or Letzion 2:20:18, Yesodei Yeshurun 3:214-215 and Mishneh Halachot 13:38 agree. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/799059/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Shabbos_4_-_Inyonei_Kiddush_and_Havdalah Rav Schachter ("Hilchos Shabbos 4", min 90-2)] quotes Rav Moshe as allowing grape juice for Kiddush but saying it is best to avoid the dispute. An [http://www.torahlab.org/doitright/using_grape_juice_for_kiddush/ article on TorahLab.org] writes that the majority of poskim hold grape juice is fit for Kiddush.</ref>, while others disagree.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 53:2 citing Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach concludes that preferably one shouldn't use grape juice for kiddush. Laws of Brachos p. 316 writes that one shouldn't use grape juice for kiddush.</ref> Regarding grape juice from concentrate see [[Grape_Juice_and_Wine#Beracha]].
# It is better to use red wine for Kiddush.<ref>Mishna Brurah 271:10</ref> If one has white wine it is preferable to use it for Shabbat day as opposed to Kiddush on Friday night.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/798611/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Shabbos_3_-_Choleh_BeShabbos_&_Kiddush Rav Schachter ("Hilchos Shabbos 3" min 73)] quoting Rabbi Akiva Eiger</ref>
# It is better to use red wine for Kiddush.<ref>Mishna Brurah 271:10</ref> If one has white wine it is preferable to use it for Shabbat day as opposed to Kiddush on Friday night.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/798611/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Shabbos_3_-_Choleh_BeShabbos_&_Kiddush Rav Schachter ("Hilchos Shabbos 3" min 73)] quoting Rabbi Akiva Eiger</ref>
# One may only make kiddush on wine that is proper for nisuch on the mizbeach, therefore, malodorous wine may not be used. However, malodorous wine can be fixed by adding other wine to it. <ref> Chazon Ovadia, Hilchot Shabbat, Chelek 2, Page 88 </ref>
# Ideally, one should not make kiddush on wine that has been left open overnight, nevertheless, one has fulfilled his obligation  after the fact if he/she made kiddush on it. <ref> Chazon Ovadia, Hilchot Shabbat, Chelek 2, Page 88 </ref>
# It is permissible to use wine that was left open as long as it was stored in a closet or refrigerator. <ref> Chazon Ovadia, Hilchot Shabbat, Chelek 2, Page 88 </ref>
===If there is no wine or grape juice===
===If there is no wine or grape juice===
# If one doesn't have wine on Friday night, kiddush should be recited on the bread and one should keep one's hands on the bread throughout the kiddush. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 272:9 writes that some say one should say kiddush on chamar medina, some say not to say kiddush at all, and some who say that bread should be used for kiddush because of its importance. Rama 279:2 comments that the minhag is like the last opinion. Kaf HaChayim 272:50 and Yalkut Yosef 272:16 write that Shulchan Aruch holds like the last opinion. Mishnah Brurah 272:28 says to put your hands on the [[challah]]. Rav Avigdor Neventzahl in his commentary on Mishna Brurah (Biyitzchak Yikare 272:28) says that one should actually hold the [[challah]]. </ref>  
# If one doesn't have wine on Friday night, kiddush should be recited on the bread and one should keep one's hands on the bread throughout the kiddush. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 272:9 writes that some say one should say kiddush on chamar medina, some say not to say kiddush at all, and some who say that bread should be used for kiddush because of its importance. Rama 279:2 comments that the minhag is like the last opinion. Kaf HaChayim 272:50 and Yalkut Yosef 272:16 write that Shulchan Aruch holds like the last opinion. Mishnah Brurah 272:28 says to put your hands on the [[challah]]. Rav Avigdor Neventzahl in his commentary on Mishna Brurah (Biyitzchak Yikare 272:28) says that one should actually hold the [[challah]]. </ref>  
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# According to Sephardim, one should only use Chamar Medina for [[Shabbat]] lunch if the wine isn't available in the city but if it's just expensive one should use wine and not Chamar Medina. <ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 289) </ref> According to Ashkenazim, if the wine is expensive one may use Chamar Medina for the daytime [[Kiddish]] and one who uses wine is fulfilling a preferred mitzvah. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 272:29 </ref>
# According to Sephardim, one should only use Chamar Medina for [[Shabbat]] lunch if the wine isn't available in the city but if it's just expensive one should use wine and not Chamar Medina. <ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 289) </ref> According to Ashkenazim, if the wine is expensive one may use Chamar Medina for the daytime [[Kiddish]] and one who uses wine is fulfilling a preferred mitzvah. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 272:29 </ref>
# One may not use soda for [[Kiddish]] because soda isn't considered Chamar Medina.<ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 2:75 rules that soda is just like water and can not be used for [[Kiddish]].</ref>
# One may not use soda for [[Kiddish]] because soda isn't considered Chamar Medina.<ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 2:75 rules that soda is just like water and can not be used for [[Kiddish]].</ref>
# One may only make kiddush on wine that is proper for nisuch on the mizbeach, therefore, malodorous wine may not be used. However, malodorous wine can be fixed by adding other wine to it. <ref> Chazon Ovadia, Hilchot Shabbat, Chelek 2, Page 88 </ref>
# Ideally, one should not make kiddush on wine that has been left open overnight, nevertheless, one has fulfilled his obligation  after the fact if he/she made kiddush on it. <ref> Chazon Ovadia, Hilchot Shabbat, Chelek 2, Page 88 </ref>
# It is permissible to use wine that was left open as long as it was stored in a closet or refrigerator. <ref> Chazon Ovadia, Hilchot Shabbat, Chelek 2, Page 88 </ref>


==Mistakes in Kiddush of Yom Tov==
==Mistakes in Kiddush of Yom Tov==