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Kiddush: Difference between revisions
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→Preparing the cup for Kiddish
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# If one does eat before [[Mussaf]] one must first do [[Kiddish]] and have a [[Revi'it]] of wine or eat a [[Kezayit]] of baked [[mezonot]] (cakes and cookies) in order to fulfill [[Kiddish]]. <Ref>Magen Avraham 286:1, Beiur Halacha 286:3 s.v. Achilat, Mishna Brurah 286:7, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 52:17</ref> | # If one does eat before [[Mussaf]] one must first do [[Kiddish]] and have a [[Revi'it]] of wine or eat a [[Kezayit]] of baked [[mezonot]] (cakes and cookies) in order to fulfill [[Kiddish]]. <Ref>Magen Avraham 286:1, Beiur Halacha 286:3 s.v. Achilat, Mishna Brurah 286:7, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 52:17</ref> | ||
== | ==The Cup for Kiddish== | ||
# Some authorities say that one may not use a plastic or paper cup for [[Kiddish]], however, many authorities permit but agree that it's preferable to use a real cup. <ref> Sh"t Igrot Moshe O"C 3:39 forbids using a plastic or paper cup as they aren't considered a nice cup and it's worse off than a broken cup (which is forbidden by Shulchan Aruch 183:3. Mishna Brurah 183:11 says that even if it is just the base that is cracked one should still be strict.) The Radiance of [[Shabbos]] (page 44) points out that this doesn't depend on the quality of the plastic at all. Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 12:23 differentiates between a cup that would be used for hot liquids and could be reused and one that's ruined after it's first use. Even if one personally doesn't reuse it, it is still considered a kli. This is true for kiddush, [[havdala]], and [[netilat yadayim]]. Sh"t Beer Moshe 5:55 on the other hand, only allows cup that are commonly reused and therefore only permits plastic cups and not paper cups, or small shot glasses because those are rarely reused. Sh"t Az Nidabru 6:49 is the most lenient allowing any disposal cup, however, it's still preferable to use a better cup as a hidur | # Some authorities say that one may not use a plastic or paper cup for [[Kiddish]], however, many authorities permit but agree that it's preferable to use a real cup. <ref> Sh"t Igrot Moshe O"C 3:39 forbids using a plastic or paper cup as they aren't considered a nice cup and it's worse off than a broken cup (which is forbidden by Shulchan Aruch 183:3. Mishna Brurah 183:11 says that even if it is just the base that is cracked one should still be strict.) The Radiance of [[Shabbos]] (page 44) points out that this doesn't depend on the quality of the plastic at all. [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/899518/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-101-50b-51b-kos-shel-beracha-chay-malei-shetifa-hadacha-disposable-cups-/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Brachot Shiur 101 min 25-30)] agrees with Rav Moshe. | ||
# The cup of [[Kiddish]] should be rinsed out before being used if it isn't already clean. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 183:1 | * However, Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 12:23 differentiates between a cup that would be used for hot liquids and could be reused and one that's ruined after it's first use. Even if one personally doesn't reuse it, it is still considered a kli. This is true for kiddush, [[havdala]], and [[netilat yadayim]]. Sh"t Beer Moshe 5:55 on the other hand, only allows cup that are commonly reused and therefore only permits plastic cups and not paper cups, or small shot glasses because those are rarely reused. | ||
* Sh"t Az Nidabru 6:49 is the most lenient allowing any disposal cup, however, it's still preferable to use a better cup as a hidur mitzvah. Shevut Yitzchak (vol 1, 4:5, pg 48) in name of Rav Elyashiv and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 2 p. 56) concur with the lenient opinion. See further: [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/727120/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/kiddush_with_disposable_cups Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz on yutorah.org]. Although many poskim, say that using two plastic cups doesn't help at all, see [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/ask/?id=62394 Rav Dov Lior] for the explanation of that practice, though he writes that he doesn't necessarily think that it helps the issue. </ref> After the fact one fulfilled one's obligation even if one holds one shouldn't use a disposable cup.<ref> Mishna Brurah 183:10 writes that the entire concept of having a cup for kiddush that is complete is important initially but after the fact isn't critical and one fulfills one's obligation. Therefore, [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/899518/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-101-50b-51b-kos-shel-beracha-chay-malei-shetifa-hadacha-disposable-cups-/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Brachot Shiur 101 min 25-30)] explained that Rav Moshe who invalidated a disposable cup for kiddush because it is like it is already broken would agree that after the fact one fulfilled one's obligation. [See Maaseh Rav n. 86 who sounds like it would prevent fulfilling one's obligation.]</ref> | |||
# The cup of [[Kiddish]] should be rinsed out before being used if it isn't already clean. <ref> The Gemara Brachot 51a establishes that the kos shel bracha should be cleaned on the inside and outside before it is used. Shulchan Aruch OC 183:1 codifies this gemara but adds that it is only necessary if the cup is dirty but if it is clean it doesn't need to be cleaned out. Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:13) agrees. Mishna Brurah 183:3 writes that it is proper to clean it out unless it is completely clean. </ref> | |||
# Some say it is a nice practice to surround the kiddush cup with six small cups of wine. The minhag isn't concerned for this opinion.<ref>Gra in Maaseh Rav n. 174 states that it is nice to have six small cups surrounding the main kiddush cup. His reason is that this is the practice of Itur of the Gemara Brachot 51a and even though the gemara says we don't have that practice the gemara only meant that it isn't critical but it is still a nice practice. Kaf Hachaim 183:3 writes that it isn't our practice since we try to follow the other explanation of Itur is having talmidei chachamim around the table, which isn't always possible but when it is that's the main method to add significance to the kiddush. </ref> | |||
# The kiddush cup should be full.<ref>Gemara Brachot 51a, Shulchan Aruch OC 183:2</ref> If a person is afraid of spilling it is sufficient that it is almost full such as leaving it a quarter of an inch below the top.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah 37b s.v. al writes that even if the cup isn't completely full it is considered full for a kos shel bracha. [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/899518/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-101-50b-51b-kos-shel-beracha-chay-malei-shetifa-hadacha-disposable-cups-/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Brachot Shiur 101 beginning)] quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach</ref> | |||
==Eating before Kiddish== | ==Eating before Kiddish== | ||
