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Having a Meal on Erev Shabbat: Difference between revisions

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===Normal Meals===
===Normal Meals===
[[Image:Hours.png|right|250px]]
[[Image:Hours.png|right|250px]]
# Strict halacha permits one to eat a normal meal all day on Friday, however, one should refrain from beginning a meal which is normal for a weekday meal from the beginning of the tenth hour ([[Shaot Zmaniot]]) in the day. <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 107b establishes that the mishna which forbids meals on Erev Shabbat or Erev Yom Tov is from a half hour before Mincha Ketana, which is nine and a half hours into the day. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 249:2 writes that halachically it’s permissible to have a meal the whole day because we hold like Rabbi Yose in Pesachim 98b. However, even Rabbi Yose agrees that it is a mitzvah not to establish a meal after nine hours. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:10 agrees. Mishna Brurah 249:15 clarifies that strictly speaking once we hold like Rabbi Yosi it is permitted to have a meal the entire day however it is a mitzvah to not have a meal from the ninth hour.</ref>
# Strict halacha permits one to eat a normal meal all day on Friday, however, one should refrain from beginning a meal which is normal for a weekday meal from the beginning of the tenth hour ([[Shaot Zmaniot]]) in the day.<ref> The Gemara Pesachim 107b establishes that the mishna which forbids meals on Erev Shabbat or Erev Yom Tov is from a half hour before Mincha Ketana, which is nine and a half hours into the day. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 249:2 writes that halachically it’s permissible to have a meal the whole day because we hold like Rabbi Yose in Pesachim 98b. However, even Rabbi Yose agrees that it is a mitzvah not to establish a meal after nine hours. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:10 agrees. Mishna Brurah 249:15 clarifies that strictly speaking once we hold like Rabbi Yosi it is permitted to have a meal the entire day however it is a mitzvah to not have a meal from the ninth hour.</ref>
# In the winter months when the [[Shaot Zmaniot]] (halachic hours) are short one should refrain from having a meal too close to [[Shabbat]] so that if one has a meal one will still have an appetite going into [[Shabbat]].<ref> Mishna Brurah 249:16 </ref>
# In the winter months when the [[Shaot Zmaniot]] (halachic hours) are short one should refrain from having a meal too close to [[Shabbat]] so that if one has a meal one will still have an appetite going into [[Shabbat]].<ref> Mishna Brurah 249:16 </ref>


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===Snacks===
===Snacks===
# It’s totally permissible to have a snack the entire day of Friday and there’s no preference not to eat after 9 hours. <ref> S”A 249:2 who writes that one can have a snack the whole day and preferably one shouldn’t have a normal meal after 9 hours. Mishna Brurah 249:15 writes this explicitly that a snack is permitted the whole day. </ref>
# It’s totally permissible to have a snack the entire day of Friday and there’s no preference not to eat after 9 hours.<ref> S”A 249:2 who writes that one can have a snack the whole day and preferably one shouldn’t have a normal meal after 9 hours. Mishna Brurah 249:15 writes this explicitly that a snack is permitted the whole day. </ref>
===Drinks===
===Drinks===
# Past the 9th hour, one shouldn’t drink so much that one won’t be hungry for the [[Shabbat]] meal. <ref>Mishna Brurah 249:14 writes that the permit  to have snacks the whole day doesn’t include drinks. He concludes that one should at least be careful from 9 hours and on not to have too much that one won’t be hungry for the [[Shabbat]] meal. </ref>
# Past the 9th hour, one shouldn’t drink so much that one won’t be hungry for the [[Shabbat]] meal.<ref>Mishna Brurah 249:14 writes that the permit  to have snacks the whole day doesn’t include drinks. He concludes that one should at least be careful from 9 hours and on not to have too much that one won’t be hungry for the [[Shabbat]] meal. </ref>
===Meat===
===Meat===
# It is permitted to have meat on Friday as long as it isn't part of a festive meal at any time on Friday or it isn't part of a normal meal after the tenth hour.<ref>Gemara Pesachim 107b, Rashbam s.v. mini, Magen Avraham 471:2, Mishna Brurah 471:3. See, however, [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/959009 Rav Schachter (Guide to the Laws of Shavuot p. 1 fnt. 3)] wrote that one shouldn't eat meat on Erev Yom Tov and cited the Magen Avraham 249:6 in support of this point. See there where he quotes that the Maharash didn't go to a meat Brit Milah on Friday since they already had a minyan. However, the Shlah and Magen Avraham disagree with the Maharash. Either way, they're discussing a festive meal on a Friday.</ref>
# It is permitted to have meat on Friday as long as it isn't part of a festive meal at any time on Friday or it isn't part of a normal meal after the tenth hour.<ref>Gemara Pesachim 107b, Rashbam s.v. mini, Magen Avraham 471:2, Mishna Brurah 471:3. See, however, [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/959009 Rav Schachter (Guide to the Laws of Shavuot p. 1 fnt. 3)] wrote that one shouldn't eat meat on Erev Yom Tov and cited the Magen Avraham 249:6 in support of this point. See there where he quotes that the Maharash didn't go to a meat Brit Milah on Friday since they already had a minyan. However, the Shlah and Magen Avraham disagree with the Maharash. Either way, they're discussing a festive meal on a Friday.</ref>
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==Wedding on Friday==
==Wedding on Friday==
# Similarly, a wedding which took place on Friday may be accompanied by a feast. However, it's preferable to push off the feast until [[Shabbat]] or another day. <ref>Mishna Brurah 249:9 </ref>
# Similarly, a wedding which took place on Friday may be accompanied by a feast. However, it's preferable to push off the feast until [[Shabbat]] or another day.<ref>Mishna Brurah 249:9 </ref>
==Engagement Party on Friday==
==Engagement Party on Friday==
# One should not make a meal for an engagement party with a meal on Friday.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 249:2 writes that one should not make a feast even for an engagement which is a seudat mitzvah. However, the Magen Avraham 249:3 writes that this is only true if the engagement took place on a different day however, if the engagement actually took place on Friday the feast may be held. Mishna Brurah 249:9 agrees. Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah concludes that the engagements that we perform nowadays are not halachically binding as they were in the times of the gemara and so it's not considered a seudat mitzvah which would permit a feast on Friday.</ref>
# One should not make a meal for an engagement party with a meal on Friday.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 249:2 writes that one should not make a feast even for an engagement which is a seudat mitzvah. However, the Magen Avraham 249:3 writes that this is only true if the engagement took place on a different day however, if the engagement actually took place on Friday the feast may be held. Mishna Brurah 249:9 agrees. Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah concludes that the engagements that we perform nowadays are not halachically binding as they were in the times of the gemara and so it's not considered a seudat mitzvah which would permit a feast on Friday.</ref>
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==Fasting on Friday==
==Fasting on Friday==
# There have even been individuals who would fast each and every Friday in order to ensure that they would have an appetite for the [[Shabbat]] meal. <ref>Yerushalmi Ta'anit 2:12; Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 249:3, [http://www.eichlers.com/Product/Books/Halachah_-_Jewish_Law/General_Issues/Amot-Shel-Halacha---Halachic-Insights---The-Dalet-Amot-Halacha-Series:-1-_H028-3.html Amot Shel Halacha] (by Rabbi Ari Enkin)</ref> While such a practice is simply not possible for the masses, it is recommended, however, that one not eat an actual meal (but rather  a light meal or a snack) on Friday, especially during the winter months when [[Shabbat]] arrives early. <ref>Aruch HaShulchan 249:6, [http://www.eichlers.com/Product/Books/Halachah_-_Jewish_Law/General_Issues/Amot-Shel-Halacha---Halachic-Insights---The-Dalet-Amot-Halacha-Series:-1-_H028-3.html Amot Shel Halacha] (by Rabbi Ari Enkin) </ref>
# There have even been individuals who would fast each and every Friday in order to ensure that they would have an appetite for the [[Shabbat]] meal.<ref>Yerushalmi Ta'anit 2:12; Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 249:3, [http://www.eichlers.com/Product/Books/Halachah_-_Jewish_Law/General_Issues/Amot-Shel-Halacha---Halachic-Insights---The-Dalet-Amot-Halacha-Series:-1-_H028-3.html Amot Shel Halacha] (by Rabbi Ari Enkin)</ref> While such a practice is simply not possible for the masses, it is recommended, however, that one not eat an actual meal (but rather  a light meal or a snack) on Friday, especially during the winter months when [[Shabbat]] arrives early.<ref>Aruch HaShulchan 249:6, [http://www.eichlers.com/Product/Books/Halachah_-_Jewish_Law/General_Issues/Amot-Shel-Halacha---Halachic-Insights---The-Dalet-Amot-Halacha-Series:-1-_H028-3.html Amot Shel Halacha] (by Rabbi Ari Enkin) </ref>
# If a person usually fasts on a parent's Yehrzeit and it falls out on Friday, some poskim hold that one should fast until Tzeit HaKochavim, however, some hold that one should only fast until one leaves shul on Friday night even if he made [[early Shabbos]]. If one is in pain from fasting one may rely on the lenient opinion to eat after leaving shul. This is true if one previously fasted on a Yehrzeit during the week, however, if one never fasted during the week, according to Ashkenazim one should only fast until after one leaves shul.<ref>Mishna Brurah 249:22</ref>
# If a person usually fasts on a parent's Yehrzeit and it falls out on Friday, some poskim hold that one should fast until Tzeit HaKochavim, however, some hold that one should only fast until one leaves shul on Friday night even if he made [[early Shabbos]]. If one is in pain from fasting one may rely on the lenient opinion to eat after leaving shul. This is true if one previously fasted on a Yehrzeit during the week, however, if one never fasted during the week, according to Ashkenazim one should only fast until after one leaves shul.<ref>Mishna Brurah 249:22</ref>


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