Hatmana: Difference between revisions

# On the Sabbath itself insulating is forbidden even with material that only preserves the heat,<ref>See statement of Rava on Gemara Shabbat 34a</ref> as a prohibition lest one discover the pot to be too cold and heat it up on coals on the [[Shabbat]] and stoke the coals. This does not apply during twilight period as most pots are warm at that time.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 257:1</ref>

# It is permitted to insulate before [[Shabbat]] with material that preserves heat like a cloth. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:75 (3rd edition) based on Shulchan Aruch 257:1 and 3.</ref> There is a dispute if a pot that is covered with clothes can be placed on a heating element, which would cause the pot to get hot. See further.

* When Hatmana on it’s own doesn’t preserve heat but keeps in heat because of another source (that besides the cover of clothing, the food is on a Garuf or Katum stove) there is a dispute in the Rishonim if there’s an issue of Hatmana with something that preserves heat. Ran ([[Shabbat]] Bameh Tomnin) in name of Rabbenu Yonah and Rashba writes that if the insulation preserves heat because of an external source it is forbidden as Hatmana Dvar Hamosif Hevel because this insulation shows one is concerned about keeping the food warm. However, the Ramban permits if the Hatmana is done with permitted material and the Shehiyah (leaving food on a covered stove from before [[Shabbat]]) is done in a permitted way because these are two separate Gezerahs (the Gemara 47b which seemingly prohibits putting an insulated pot on a permitted stove is only forbidden because the food is put directly on the coals but if there’s a space of air in between the coals and the food it’d be permitted.) Ran (22a s.v. VeMinhagenu), Nemukei Yosef (Lo Yachpor), Rabbenu Yerucham (pg 68c), and Meiri ([[Shabbat]] Perek Kirah pg 142 s.v. Zu Hiy) write that the Minhag is like the Ramban's explanation. Ritva 47b mentions the Ramban and adds that some are strict to make a separation between the clothing and the pot (as that’s not the usual way to insulate) but concludes that he prefers a different stringency which is putting the pot on top of a cover that separates between the pot and stove. S”A 257:8 rules even though Shehiyah is permitted in certain cases (see S”A 253) if the pot is covered with clothes even though it is a material that doesn’t preserve heat it’s forbidden to be left on the fire.  

* Sh”t Chut MeShulash 8, Shaarei Yeshua 5:8, and Sh”t Divrei Moshe 64 say that the Minhag has what to rely on even though S”A was strict. Sh”t Zechur LeYitzchak 74 pg 113b brings the opinion of Maharar Moshe Ben Chaviv who says the Minhag has what to rely on based on the Ramban and the opinions that there’s no issue of Hatmana if the food is [[cooking]] for [[Shabbat]] day; nonetheless, Zechur LeYitzchak suggests that since the Minhag predates S”A it can continue, but concludes that one should be strict like S”A. Eretz Chaim 257, Memei Shlomo 257, Sh”t Yaskil Avdi 3:10(4:7), Gedolei Tzion 9:11 also quote the Maharar Ben Chaviv and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 56; as in Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 6:33) conclude that one can be lenient. Halacha Brurah 257:29 writes that one doesn't need to stop someone who is lenient since there is what to rely upon.</ref>

## According to most poskim it is forbidden to insulate a pot before Shabbat if it is on top of another pot which is on the fire.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 258:3 writes based on the Magen Avraham 258:1 that insulating a pot on top of another pot that is on the fire is forbidden even before Shabbat since it is considered like hatmana bdvar hamosif hevel. Mishna Brurah 258:2 agrees. Kaf Hachaim adds that according to the lenient opinion in the Rama 257:7 since there is no issue of shehiya on a pot on top of another pot there's also no issue of hatmana, but that is only if that is the minhag.</ref>

===Food in Other Food===

# Before [[Shabbat]], some say that one can leave fully cooked food in a plastic, nylon, or aluminum bag in an pot of hot food (such as kuggel in chulent), however, some forbid because of Hatmana. <Ref> Chazon Ish 37:32 rules that a vessel inside a pot of hot water doesn’t have an issue of Hatmana. Even though, Aruch HaShulchan 258:3 and Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 3:47 argue on the Chazon Ish, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 62) says one can rely on the Chazon Ish to be lenient, especially if the food is fully cooked (for which Rama 257:7 permits Hatmana). Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 8:15(4) says that there is what to be lenient since the bag is only separating the food inside it but it would have been hot from the pot nonetheless. Sh”t Vayeshev Moshe (Zanger) O”C 19 adds that the bag or aluminum isn’t a real vessel that separates the food inside it. Rav Shlomo Zalman in Sh”t Minchat Shlomo (2:34(20) in Ostrot Shlomo version), Sh”t LeHorot Natan O”C 12, Kovetz Or Yisrael 5:23, Sh”t Shraga HaMeir 4:63, 6:3, Megilat Sefer on [[Shabbat]] 4:13, Sh”t Kinyan Torah 4:24, Sh”t Az Nidabru 6:78, Sh”t Or Letzion 2:17(13), and Sh”t Maaseh Nisim 163 agree that there’s no Hatmana in our case of a food within another food since it’s not meant to be totally separate.  

* Meor [[Shabbat]] 3 pg 519, and Menuchat Ahavah 1:3(27) are somewhat strict on the issue, the Minhag is to be lenient on this issue. </ref>.

# It is forbidden on Shabbat to insulate a bottle of liquid inside a container of hot water even if it won't reach yad soledet bo. However, according to Ashkenazim, it is permitted to insulate a bottle of liquid in a container of hot water if the bottle is partly out of the hot water (assuming that there is no issue of bishul).<ref>Mishna Brurah 258:2, Dirshu Footnote 258:7</ref>

==Insulating on Shabbat==

## With respect to hatmana there is no issue of leaving food in an oven before or on Shabbat since the food isn't touching the heating element.<ref>Orchot Shabbat 2:86</ref> However, regarding Hachzara or Shehiya see [[Permissible_ways_to_heat_up_food_on_Shabbat#Ovens_with_Shabbos_Mode|the article on heating up foods on Shabbat]].

# It is forbidden on Shabbat to insulate a cold pot that is on top of a hot pot off the fire even if one only uses clothes.<ref>Mishna Brurah 258:2</ref>

# It’s permitted to insulate on [[Shabbat]] cold food to remove its chill or to prevent it from getting colder with material that doesn’t preserve heat like clothing or clothes. <Ref>In [[Shabbat]] 51a, Rav Yehuda in the name of Shmuel says that it’s permitted to insulate cold food. Rashi ([[Shabbat]] 51a) explains that it’s permitted to keep it cold and there’s no Gezerah of Hatmana, implying that heating up cold food even with insulation of material that doesn’t preserve heat is forbidden. Mahari MeLunil 51a, Ravan 346, Ravyah 202 pg 287, and Rabbenu Yishaya MeTeranayah pg 294 concur with Rashi. However Rambam, ([[Shabbat]] 4:4) permits insulating the cold food even to remove its coldness. Rashba 51a in name of the Geonim, Ran 23b, Nemukei Yosef 51a, and Rabbenu Yerucham pg 68c in name of Tosfot agree with the Rambam. Shulchan Aruch 257:6 rules like the Rambam. </ref>

==Thermos==

==Hot Water Urn==

# It is permitted to use a water boiler on Shabbat and it isn't considered hatmana to keep the water that was there from before Shabbat hot.<ref>Rav Ovadia Yosef in Mayan Omer 2:9 p. 119. The footnote explains even though the water is completely covered it isn't considered insulated since that is how the machine is made.</ref>

==Rewrapping==

==Sources==

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[[Category:Shabbat]]