Hatmana: Difference between revisions

# Conversely, it is permitted to insulate before [[Shabbat]] with material that doesn’t preserve heat like a cloth. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:75, implied from Shulchan Aruch 257:1,3. The Gemara ([[Shabbat]] 48a) says that clothing are a material that don’t preserve heat. </ref> However, there is a dispute if a pot that is covered with clothes can be placed on a heating element, which would cause the pot to get hot. See further.

## Everyone agrees that before Shabbat it is permissible to wrap a pot that is off the fire or on top of a hot pot which is off the fire. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 258:1, Mishna Brurah 258:2, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:75 </ref>

* When Hatmana on it’s own doesn’t preserve heat but keeps in heat because of another source (that besides the cover of clothing, the food is on a Garuf or Katum stove) there is a dispute in the Rishonim if there’s an issue of Hatmana with something that preserves heat. Ran ([[Shabbat]] Bameh Tomnin) in name of Rabbenu Yonah and Rashba writes that if the insulation preserves heat because of an external source it is forbidden as Hatmana Dvar Hamosif Hevel because this insulation shows one is concerned about keeping the food warm. However, the Ramban permits if the Hatmana is done with permitted material and the Shehiyah (leaving food on a covered stove from before [[Shabbat]]) is done in a permitted way because these are two separate Gezerahs (the Gemara 47b which seemingly prohibits putting an insulated pot on a permitted stove is only forbidden because the food is put directly on the coals but if there’s a space of air in between the coals and the food it’d be permitted.) Ran (22a s.v. VeMinhagenu), Nemukei Yosef ([[Shabbat]] Lo Yachpor), Rabbenu Yerucham (pg 68c), and Meiri ([[Shabbat]] Perek Kirah pg 142 s.v. Zu Hiy) write that the Minhag is like the Ramban's explanation. Ritva 47b mentions the Ramban and adds that some are strict to make a separation between the clothing and the pot (as that’s not the usual way to insulate) but concludes that he prefers a different stringency which is putting the pot on top of a cover that separates between the pot and stove. S”A 257:8 rules even though Shehiyah is permitted in certain cases (see S”A 253) if the pot is covered with clothes even though it is a material that doesn’t preserve heat it’s forbidden to be left on the fire. However, if the clothes aren’t touching the pot it’s permitted. Thus, if the pot isn’t touching the coals it’s a permissible Shehiyah and if one puts a wide vessel that doesn’t touch the sides of the pot one can put on top of it clothing. Minchat Cohen (Mishmeret [[Shabbat]] 8) explains that S”A requires both requirements 1)the pot doesn’t touch the coals and 2) the clothes don’t touch the sides of the pot [while the Levush explains the S”A only requires one stipulation]. Sh”t Chut MeShulash 8, Shaarei Yeshua 5:8, and Sh”t Divrei Moshe 64 say that the Minhag has what to rely on even though S”A was strict. Sh”t Zechur LeYitzchak 74 pg 113b brings the opinion of Maharar Moshe Ben Chaviv who says the Minhag has what to rely on based on the Ramban and the opinions that there’s no issue of Hatmana if the food is [[cooking]] for [[Shabbat]] day; nonetheless, Zechur LeYitzchak suggests that since the Minhag predates S”A it can continue, but concludes that one should be strict like S”A. Eretz Chaim 257, Memei Shlomo 257, Sh”t Yaskil Avdi 3:10(4:7), Gedolei Tzion 9:11 also quote the Maharar Ben Chaviv and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 56; as in Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 6:33) conclude that one can be lenient. </ref>

# There is no issue of [[insulating food]] inside other food if there's no separation. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:72 </ref>

# Before [[Shabbat]], some say that one can leave fully cooked food in a plastic, nylon, or aluminum bag in an pot of hot food (such as kuggel in chulent), however, some forbid because of Hatmana. <Ref> Chazon Ish 37:32 rules that a vessel inside a pot of hot water doesn’t have an issue of Hatmana. Even though, Aruch HaShulchan 258:3 and Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 3:47 argue on the Chazon Ish, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 62) says one can rely on the Chazon Ish to be lenient, especially if the food is fully cooked (for which Rama 257:7 permits Hatmana). Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 8:15(4) says that there is what to be lenient since the bag is only separating the food inside it but it would have been hot from the pot nonetheless. Sh”t Vayeshev Moshe (Zanger) O”C 19 adds that the bag or aluminum isn’t a real vessel that separates the food inside it. Rav Shlomo Zalman in Sh”t Minchat Shlomo (2:34(20) in Ostrot Shlomo version), Sh”t LeHorot Natan O”C 12, Kovetz Or Yisrael 5:23, Sh”t Shraga HaMeir 4:63, 6:3, Megilat Sefer on [[Shabbat]] 4:13, Sh”t Kinyan Torah 4:24, Sh”t Az Nidabru 6:78, Sh”t Or Letzion 2:17(13), and Sh”t Maaseh Nisim 163 agree that there’s no Hatmana in our case of a food within another food since it’s not meant to be totally separate. [Even though Shemirat [[Shabbat]] 42:63 is strict regarding materials that don’t allow liquid through such as plastic, nylon, and aluminum, however in the new edition there’s a retraction in 1:87 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman to permit in all circumstances.] Meor [[Shabbat]] 3 pg 519, and Menuchat Ahavah 1:3(27) are somewhat strict on the issue, the Minhag is to be lenient on this issue. </ref>.