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Deceitful Practices: Difference between revisions
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# If someone makes an assumption that a rational person wouldn't make one doesn't need to tell them otherwise since they deceived themselves. For example, Mar Zutra was leaving his city and he met two rabbis. He assumed that they were coming to greet him and so he thanked them very much for coming. In fact they were traveling to that city anyway and weren't planning on going to greet Mar Zutra. Therefore, the gemara concludes that they didn't need to tell him that in fact they didn't come to greet him. Mar Zutra fooled himself and it wasn't their actions that were deceitful.<ref>Gemara Chullin 94b, Shulchan Aruch CM 228:6</ref> | # If someone makes an assumption that a rational person wouldn't make one doesn't need to tell them otherwise since they deceived themselves. For example, Mar Zutra was leaving his city and he met two rabbis. He assumed that they were coming to greet him and so he thanked them very much for coming. In fact they were traveling to that city anyway and weren't planning on going to greet Mar Zutra. Therefore, the gemara concludes that they didn't need to tell him that in fact they didn't come to greet him. Mar Zutra fooled himself and it wasn't their actions that were deceitful.<ref>Gemara Chullin 94b, Shulchan Aruch CM 228:6</ref> | ||
===Cheating on Tests=== | ===Cheating on Tests=== | ||
# It is absolutely forbidden to cheat on a test since doing so is dishonest and deceives the one grading the test and the one receiving the scores.<ref>Igrot Moshe 2:30, Mishneh Halachot 7:275</ref> | # It is absolutely forbidden to cheat on a test since doing so is dishonest and deceives the one grading the test and the one receiving the scores.<ref>Igrot Moshe 2:30, Mishneh Halachot 7:275</ref> In fact, the halachic authorities express shock at the widespread disregard for cheating on tests, deeming it a sin equal to all others in the realm of lying, stealing, and cheating.<ref>Shevet Halevi 10:163.</ref> | ||
===Increasing the Price of an Honor=== | ===Increasing the Price of an Honor=== | ||
# Many shuls commonly have auctions to buy a certain honor such as an aliyah or peticha and the funds go to the shul. If a person has no interest in buying the honor but simply bids in order to increase the price of the others who are bidding, even if they will actually pay for it if they win, it is a violation of being deceitful.<ref>Chida in Yosef Ometz 57 writes that once there was a person who made a deal with the Gabbay. He would bid to increase the price for everyone else but if he won and was stuck with the honor he would only pay half. The Chida writes that this practice is forbidden for three reasons. 1) He is annoying and bothering those who really do need or want that honor and now have to pay more. 2) He is deceiving people in showing that he wants that honor and really doesn't. 3) He is lying since he bid to pay a certain amount and in fact he is paying half. Also, the Chida shows that the motivation of this person isn't sufficient to allow his deceitful behavior. He proves from Bava Batra that we don't even allow a Gabbay of tzedaka to force people to give tzedaka. Here the person isn't a Gabbay tzedaka and he is forcing people to give tzedaka. Additionally, that was only for tzedaka to the poor and not funds that just go to the shul. [http://www.jlaw.com/Articles/geneivatdaat.html Article on jlaw.com] generalizes this based on the first two reasons of the Chida.</ref> | # Many shuls commonly have auctions to buy a certain honor such as an aliyah or peticha and the funds go to the shul. If a person has no interest in buying the honor but simply bids in order to increase the price of the others who are bidding, even if they will actually pay for it if they win, it is a violation of being deceitful.<ref>Chida in Yosef Ometz 57 writes that once there was a person who made a deal with the Gabbay. He would bid to increase the price for everyone else but if he won and was stuck with the honor he would only pay half. The Chida writes that this practice is forbidden for three reasons. 1) He is annoying and bothering those who really do need or want that honor and now have to pay more. 2) He is deceiving people in showing that he wants that honor and really doesn't. 3) He is lying since he bid to pay a certain amount and in fact he is paying half. Also, the Chida shows that the motivation of this person isn't sufficient to allow his deceitful behavior. He proves from Bava Batra that we don't even allow a Gabbay of tzedaka to force people to give tzedaka. Here the person isn't a Gabbay tzedaka and he is forcing people to give tzedaka. Additionally, that was only for tzedaka to the poor and not funds that just go to the shul. [http://www.jlaw.com/Articles/geneivatdaat.html Article on jlaw.com] generalizes this based on the first two reasons of the Chida.</ref> | ||
