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Challah: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Challah.jpeg|200px|right]]
[[Image:Challah.jpeg|200px|right]]
There is an obligation for both men and woman to separate Challah from any dough-like batter which they make. The specifics are discussed below.
==General Guidelines==
==General Guidelines==
# The mitzvah of removing Challah is only Biblical in [[Israel]] and when majority of Bnei Yisrael reside in [[Israel]]. There is nonetheless a Rabbinic mitzvah of Challah outside [[Israel]] and in [[Israel]] when there is a minority of Bnei Yisrael in residence there. <reF>Rambam (Bikkurim 5:5-6) writes that The mitzvah of removing Challah is only Biblical in [[Israel]] and when majority of Bnei Yisrael reside in [[Israel]]. There is nonetheless a Rabbinic mitzvah of Challah outside [[Israel]] and in [[Israel]] when there is a minority of Bnei Yisrael in residence there. The Mitzvah of Challah is counted as one of the 613 mitzvot by the Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvot Asin #133) and Sefer HaChinuch (385).</ref>
# The Mitzvah of removing Challah is only Biblical in [[Israel]] and when majority of Bnei Yisrael reside in [[Israel]]. There is nonetheless a Rabbinic Mitzvah of Challah outside [[Israel]] and in [[Israel]] when there is a minority of Bnei Yisrael in residence there. <reF>Rambam (Bikkurim 5:5-6) writes that The Mitzvah of removing Challah is only Biblical in [[Israel]] and when majority of Bnei Yisrael reside in [[Israel]]. There is nonetheless a Rabbinic Mitzvah of Challah outside [[Israel]] and in [[Israel]] when there is a minority of Bnei Yisrael in residence there. The Mitzvah of Challah is counted as one of the 613 mitzvot by the Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvot Asin #133) and Sefer HaChinuch (385).</ref>
# It must be stressed that the Mitzvah of Challah applies to all doughs, not just "Challah Bread"; even dough for baking pastries can be obligated in Challah <ref> R. Shechter, http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/802895/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyonei_Challah </ref>.
# It must be stressed that the Mitzvah of Challah applies to all doughs, not just "Challah Bread"; even dough for baking pastries can be obligated in Challah <ref> R. Shechter, http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/802895/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyonei_Challah </ref>.


==Conditions for Being Obligated in Challah==
==Conditions for Being Obligated in Challah==
# Any dough made from the 5 grains is obligated in the mitzvah of Challah. <ref>Kitzur S"A 35:1</ref>
# Any dough made from the 5 grains is obligated in the Mitzvah of Challah. <ref>Kitzur S"A 35:1</ref>
# If the dough or a part of the dough is going to be baked one should separate Challah with a bracha, however, if all of it is going to be cooked or fried one should separate Challah without a bracha.<ref>Kitzur S"A 35:6</ref>
# If the dough or a part of the dough is going to be baked one should separate Challah with a Bracha, however, if all of it is going to be cooked or fried one should separate Challah without a Bracha.<ref>Kitzur S"A 35:6</ref>
# If the dough is kneaded with eggs or fruit juice, there is some doubt as to whether one needs to separate challah; therefore, one should knead into the dough some liquid that is considered a "משקה" [e.g. water, milk, bee's honey, wine, oil], and then one can separate Challah with a Beracha <ref> Kitzur S"A 35:7 </ref>.
# If the dough is kneaded with eggs or fruit juice, there is some doubt as to whether one needs to separate Challah; therefore, one should knead into the dough some liquid that is considered a "משקה" [e.g. water, milk, bee's honey, wine, oil], and then one can separate Challah with a Beracha <ref> Kitzur S"A 35:7 </ref>.


==Who is obligated?==
==Who is obligated?==
# The mitzvah of Challah applies to the owner of the challah who is baking the dough, whether that is a man or a woman. However, the woman has preference over a man in fulfilling this mitzvah as it is particularly relevant for women.<ref>Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 2:6), Kitzur S"A 35:8, Yalkut Yosef YD 328:12</ref>   
# The Mitzvah of Challah applies to the owner of the Challah who is baking the dough, whether that is a man or a woman. However, the woman has preference over a man in fulfilling this Mitzvah as it is particularly relevant for women.<ref>Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 2:6), Kitzur S"A 35:8, Yalkut Yosef YD 328:12</ref>   


==Amount of dough necessary==
==Amount of dough necessary==
# According to Ashkenazim, some say that the minhag is to remove Challah with a bracha when making a dough that is 5 pounds or more and remove Challah without a bracha when making dough that is 3 pounds or more. <Ref>Kitzur S"A 35:1 writes that the amount necessary in order to be obligated in Challah is 43.2 [[KeBaytzim]].[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/777708/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Parsha_Shiur_-_Shelach_5772 Rabbi Hershel Schachter on yutorah.org] (Shiur on Parshat Shalach, min 50) states that the Ashkenazic minhag is to remove Challah with a bracha if the dough is 5 pounds or more and without a bracha if the dough is 3 pounds or more.</ref> Others say that the minhag of Yerushalyim is to take Challah off without a Bracha if the dough is 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more and to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams) or more. <ref> Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2 pg 338 note 54) writes that this was the minhag in Rav Shlomo Zalman’s house and that of Yerushalyim. </ref>
# According to Ashkenazim, some say that the Minhag is to remove Challah with a Bracha when making a dough that is 5 pounds or more and remove Challah without a Bracha when making dough that is 3 pounds or more. <Ref>Kitzur S"A 35:1 writes that the amount necessary in order to be obligated in Challah is 43.2 [[KeBaytzim]].[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/777708/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Parsha_Shiur_-_Shelach_5772 Rabbi Hershel Schachter on yutorah.org] (Shiur on Parshat Shalach, min 50) states that the Ashkenazic Minhag is to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 5 pounds or more and without a Bracha if the dough is 3 pounds or more.</ref> Others say that the Minhag of Yerushalyim is to take Challah off without a Bracha if the dough is 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more and to remove Challah with a Bracha if the dough is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams) or more. <ref> Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2 pg 338 note 54) writes that this was the Minhag in Rav Shlomo Zalman’s house and that of Yerushalyim. </ref>
# According to Sephardim, one should take off Challah with a bracha when making a dough that is 3.44 pounds (1560 grams) or more and it is a pious practice to remove Challah without a bracha when making a dough that is 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 324:6</ref>However, some say that one should only remove Challah with a bracha for dough that is 5.29 pounds (2400 grams) and without a bracha for dough that is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams).<ref>Rav Modechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur S"A 35:2</ref>
# According to Sephardim, one should take off Challah with a Bracha when making a dough that is 3.44 pounds (1560 grams) or more and it is a pious practice to remove Challah without a Bracha when making a dough that is 2.65 pounds (1200 grams) or more.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 324:6</ref>However, some say that one should only remove Challah with a Bracha for dough that is 5.29 pounds (2400 grams) and without a Bracha for dough that is 3.67 pounds (1666 grams).<ref>Rav Modechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur S"A 35:2</ref>
# It is forbidden to intentionally make less than the minimum amount of dough which would obligate one to separate Challah. However, if one only has a smaller dough, one needn't worry about making less than the minimum amount.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 324:7</ref>
# It is forbidden to intentionally make less than the minimum amount of dough which would obligate one to separate Challah. However, if one only has a smaller dough, one needn't worry about making less than the minimum amount.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 324:7</ref>
# If one makes less than the amount required in Challah in separate loaves, but then puts them back into the same vessel--the vessel combines these pieces to make a Shi'ur of Challah <ref> Challah 2:4, Kitzur S"A 35:3; see Pesachim 46a-b </ref>.
# If one makes less than the amount required in Challah in separate loaves, but then puts them back into the same vessel--the vessel combines these pieces to make a Shi'ur of Challah <ref> Challah 2:4, Kitzur S"A 35:3; see Pesachim 46a-b </ref>.
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==Procedure of removing Challah==
==Procedure of removing Challah==
# The text of the Bracha upon removing Challah is "ברוך אתה ה, ' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצוותיו וצונו להפריש חלה". <ref>Kitzur S"A 35:1</ref>
# The text of the Bracha upon removing Challah is "ברוך אתה ה, ' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצוותיו וצונו להפריש חלה". <ref>Kitzur S"A 35:1</ref>
# After reciting the above Bracha one should remove a [[Kezayit]] of dough and burn it. The minhag is to burn the piece of dough in the same oven that the bread is baking.<ref>Kitzur S"A 35:1</ref>
# After reciting the above Bracha one should remove a [[Kezayit]] of dough and burn it. The Minhag is to burn the piece of dough in the same oven that the bread is baking.<ref>Kitzur S"A 35:1</ref>


==Forgot to Remove Challah==
==Forgot to Remove Challah==