Building a Fence Around One's Roof: Difference between revisions

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==Obligation==
==Obligation==
# There is a positive Torah command to build a fence on the roof of a house that’s used for living.<ref> Based on the pasuk Devarim 22:8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ, Sefer Hachinnuch 546, Rambam Sefer Hamitzvot Aseh 184, Sefer HaMitzvot Hakatzar of the Chofetz Chaim 77, Kitzur S"A 190:1 </ref>  
 
# The fence on the roof must be ten [[Tefachim]] (86 centimeters) and strong enough so it would prevent someone from falling. <Ref> S”A C”M 427:5, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 190:1 </ref>
#There is a positive Torah command to build a fence on the roof of a house that’s used for living.<ref>Based on the pasuk Devarim 22:8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ, Sefer Hachinnuch 546, Rambam Sefer Hamitzvot Aseh 184, Sefer HaMitzvot Hakatzar of the Chofetz Chaim 77, Kitzur S"A 190:1 </ref>
#The fence on the roof must be ten Tefachim (86 centimeters) and strong enough so it would prevent someone from falling.<ref>S”A C”M 427:5, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 190:1 </ref>
 
==Which Roofs?==
==Which Roofs?==
# Any flat roof requires a [[maakeh]] (a three-foot wall to keep  people from falling off), even if people only walk on the roof occasionally. <ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:35 </ref> A roof that is not used does not need a roof.<ref> Kitzur S"A 190:1 </ref>  
 
# Shuls and Batei Midrash are exempt from putting a fence on the roof since these buildings aren’t meant for living. <Ref> S”A C”M 427:3 based on gemara chullin 136a </ref>
#Any flat roof requires a maakeh (a three-foot wall to keep  people from falling off), even if people only walk on the roof occasionally.<ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:35 </ref> A roof that is not used does not need a roof.<ref>Kitzur S"A 190:1 </ref>
# Some say that there’s no obligation for a slanted roof. <Ref> See Mishneh Halachot 4:243, Yalkut Yosef (Chupah VeKiddushin pg 669) </ref>
#Shuls and Batei Midrash are exempt from putting a fence on the roof since these buildings aren’t meant for living.<ref>S”A C”M 427:3 based on gemara chullin 136a </ref>
# A building used for storage or animals doesn’t require a fence on the roof. <Ref> S”A C”M 427:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 190:1 </ref>
#Some say that there’s no obligation for a slanted roof.<ref>See Mishneh Halachot 4:243, Yalkut Yosef (Chupah VeKiddushin pg 669) </ref>
#A building used for storage or animals doesn’t require a fence on the roof.<ref>S”A C”M 427:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 190:1 </ref>
 
==Other Things==
==Other Things==
# If one has a pit in one's property one must erect a fence of ten [[Tefachim]] around it or cover it up so that someone doesn't fall in.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 190:1</ref>
 
# Some say that a window that can be opened and is situated less than ten [[Tefachim]] from the floor requires a fence outside of it,<ref>[http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?155405&pageid=P0034 Emek Beracha page 34], [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/906667/rabbi-hershel-schachter/bava-kamma-6-nizkei-avadim-bor-meinekes-maakah-peshia-ones-ones-gamur-garmi-rav-tendler-s-class-rav-shteinman-stories/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Bava Kamma 5778-9 #6)]</ref>, as a child could innocently open the window and fall out. Although others disagree Halachically, they agree that one should for safety reasons install a fence of some sort without a Bracha.<ref>Shu"t Teshuvot veHanhagot vol. 1 Siman 848. He quotes Rav Chaim Kanievsky who claims the Chazon Ish disagreed with the Emek Beracha. Indeed, the Steipler ([http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=50076&st=%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%AA&pgnum=35 Mezuzah uMaakeh, Hilchot Maakeh Seif 31]) claims he heard the Chazon Ish say so himself. See also [www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?22807&pageid=P0289 Yevakesh Torah (Shulchan Aruch) Siman 118]</ref> Moreover, some say that glass itself can never be used for a fence,<ref>[http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?155405&pageid=P0034 Emek Beracha page 34]</ref> as it doesn't fulfill the Rambam's definition of being able to sustain the pressure of someone leaning on it, but others disagree, since thick glass walls do fit that definition.<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=21547&st=&pgnum=337 Shu"t Machazeh Eliyahu vol. 1 Siman 121:1-2], Aruch HaMishpat Siman 427 page 32</ref>
#If one has a pit in one's property one must erect a fence of ten Tefachim around it or cover it up so that someone doesn't fall in.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 190:1</ref>
#Some say that a window that can be opened and is situated less than ten Tefachim from the floor requires a fence outside of it,<ref>[http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?155405&pageid=P0034 Emek Beracha page 34], [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/906667/rabbi-hershel-schachter/bava-kamma-6-nizkei-avadim-bor-meinekes-maakah-peshia-ones-ones-gamur-garmi-rav-tendler-s-class-rav-shteinman-stories/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Bava Kamma 5778-9 #6)]</ref>, as a child could innocently open the window and fall out. Although others disagree Halachically,<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=21547&st=&pgnum=337 Shu"t Machazeh Eliyahu vol. 1 Siman 121:1-2] claims that either because as long as the walls of the room indicate clear limits of one's walkable range, there can be "holes" in the Maakeh or because the window is narrow enough for one to grab on to the sides if he falls, that the Emek Beracha is incorrect.</ref> some admit that one should for safety reasons install a fence of some sort without a Bracha.<ref>Shu"t Teshuvot veHanhagot vol. 1 Siman 848. He quotes Rav Chaim Kanievsky who claims the Chazon Ish disagreed with the Emek Beracha. Indeed, the Steipler ([http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=50076&st=%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%AA&pgnum=35 Mezuzah uMaakeh, Hilchot Maakeh Seif 31]) claims he heard the Chazon Ish say so himself. See also [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?22807&pageid=P0289 Yevakesh Torah (Shulchan Aruch) Siman 118]</ref> Some even recommend always installing locks on windows that are even above ten Tefachim in homes with small children.<ref>Shevet HaKehati (vol. 4 Siman 311:1-2), Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot vol. 1, Ketzat MeHilchot Maakeh 24)</ref> Moreover, some say that glass itself can never be used for a fence,<ref>[http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?155405&pageid=P0034 Emek Beracha page 34]</ref> as it doesn't fulfill the Rambam's definition of being able to sustain the pressure of someone leaning on it, but others disagree, since thick glass walls do fit that definition.<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=21547&st=&pgnum=337 Shu"t Machazeh Eliyahu vol. 1 Siman 121:1-2], Aruch HaMishpat Siman 427 page 32</ref>


==Beracha==
==Beracha==
# The beracha of Asher Kidshanu Bimitzvotav Vitzivanu Laasot [[Maakeh]] is recited when building the fence. <ref> Rambam [[Berachot]] 11:8 </ref>  
 
#The beracha of Asher Kidshanu Bimitzvotav Vitzivanu Laasot Maakeh is recited when building the fence.<ref>Rambam [[Berachot]] 11:8 </ref>


==Links==
==Links==
* Article on [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/740334/rabbi-josh-flug/ma-akeh-the-mitzvah-to-build-a-fence-around-one-s-roof/ Ma'akeh: The Mitzvah to Build a Fence Around One's Roof] by Rabbi Josh Flug
 
*Article on [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/740334/rabbi-josh-flug/ma-akeh-the-mitzvah-to-build-a-fence-around-one-s-roof/ Maakeh: The Mitzvah to Build a Fence Around One's Roof] by Rabbi Josh Flug
*[https://www.star-k.org/articles/articles/1215/good-fences-make-good-home-owners/ GOOD FENCES MAKE GOOD HOME OWNERS] (Star-K)
*[https://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/5295/insights-from-the-institute-8/ INSIGHTS FROM THE INSTITUTE] (Star-K)


==Sources==
==Sources==
<References/>
<references />
[[Category:Between Man And His Fellow]]
[[Category:Between Man And His Fellow]]

Revision as of 04:01, 15 July 2020

Obligation

  1. There is a positive Torah command to build a fence on the roof of a house that’s used for living.[1]
  2. The fence on the roof must be ten Tefachim (86 centimeters) and strong enough so it would prevent someone from falling.[2]

Which Roofs?

  1. Any flat roof requires a maakeh (a three-foot wall to keep people from falling off), even if people only walk on the roof occasionally.[3] A roof that is not used does not need a roof.[4]
  2. Shuls and Batei Midrash are exempt from putting a fence on the roof since these buildings aren’t meant for living.[5]
  3. Some say that there’s no obligation for a slanted roof.[6]
  4. A building used for storage or animals doesn’t require a fence on the roof.[7]

Other Things

  1. If one has a pit in one's property one must erect a fence of ten Tefachim around it or cover it up so that someone doesn't fall in.[8]
  2. Some say that a window that can be opened and is situated less than ten Tefachim from the floor requires a fence outside of it,[9], as a child could innocently open the window and fall out. Although others disagree Halachically,[10] some admit that one should for safety reasons install a fence of some sort without a Bracha.[11] Some even recommend always installing locks on windows that are even above ten Tefachim in homes with small children.[12] Moreover, some say that glass itself can never be used for a fence,[13] as it doesn't fulfill the Rambam's definition of being able to sustain the pressure of someone leaning on it, but others disagree, since thick glass walls do fit that definition.[14]

Beracha

  1. The beracha of Asher Kidshanu Bimitzvotav Vitzivanu Laasot Maakeh is recited when building the fence.[15]

Links

Sources

  1. Based on the pasuk Devarim 22:8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ, Sefer Hachinnuch 546, Rambam Sefer Hamitzvot Aseh 184, Sefer HaMitzvot Hakatzar of the Chofetz Chaim 77, Kitzur S"A 190:1
  2. S”A C”M 427:5, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 190:1
  3. Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:35
  4. Kitzur S"A 190:1
  5. S”A C”M 427:3 based on gemara chullin 136a
  6. See Mishneh Halachot 4:243, Yalkut Yosef (Chupah VeKiddushin pg 669)
  7. S”A C”M 427:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 190:1
  8. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 190:1
  9. Emek Beracha page 34, Rav Hershel Schachter (Bava Kamma 5778-9 #6)
  10. Shu"t Machazeh Eliyahu vol. 1 Siman 121:1-2 claims that either because as long as the walls of the room indicate clear limits of one's walkable range, there can be "holes" in the Maakeh or because the window is narrow enough for one to grab on to the sides if he falls, that the Emek Beracha is incorrect.
  11. Shu"t Teshuvot veHanhagot vol. 1 Siman 848. He quotes Rav Chaim Kanievsky who claims the Chazon Ish disagreed with the Emek Beracha. Indeed, the Steipler (Mezuzah uMaakeh, Hilchot Maakeh Seif 31) claims he heard the Chazon Ish say so himself. See also Yevakesh Torah (Shulchan Aruch) Siman 118
  12. Shevet HaKehati (vol. 4 Siman 311:1-2), Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot vol. 1, Ketzat MeHilchot Maakeh 24)
  13. Emek Beracha page 34
  14. Shu"t Machazeh Eliyahu vol. 1 Siman 121:1-2, Aruch HaMishpat Siman 427 page 32
  15. Rambam Berachot 11:8