Birkat Hamazon: Difference between revisions
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#How large is a kzayit of bread? According to Ashkenazim the [[Kezayit]] is slightly less than one ounce of volume. A good approximation is half the center piece of a 1 lb rye bread.<ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] Addendum 1, pg 246 </ref> According to Sephardim the [[Kezayit]] is 27 grams in weight.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 158:4 </ref> For more specific halachot about [[Kezayit]], see the [[Halachot of Kezayit]]. | #How large is a kzayit of bread? According to Ashkenazim the [[Kezayit]] is slightly less than one ounce of volume. A good approximation is half the center piece of a 1 lb rye bread.<ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] Addendum 1, pg 246 </ref> According to Sephardim the [[Kezayit]] is 27 grams in weight.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 158:4 </ref> For more specific halachot about [[Kezayit]], see the [[Halachot of Kezayit]]. | ||
===Who | ===Who Is Obligated to Say Birkat HaMazon=== | ||
#There is a dispute whether women are obligated in Birkat HaMazon on Torah level or only Rabbinically. Therefore, if a woman ate bread and is full and is now unsure whether she said Birkat HaMazon, there’s is a dispute whether she should say it to be sure and there’s what to rely on to make it to be sure. Additionally, a woman can fulfill the obligation of a man if he listens to her Birkat HaMazon, however, she shouldn’t fulfill his obligation if the man ate to satisfaction but rather one if he ate a [[Kezayit]] and not to satisfaction.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 186:1, Mishna Brurah 186:3. See Shitat HaKadmonim (last page of bava kama) referenced on the [[Mitzvot_Aseh_SheHazman_Grama]] page regarding the obligation of women in Birkat HaMazon. </ref> | #There is a dispute whether women are obligated in Birkat HaMazon on Torah level or only Rabbinically. Therefore, if a woman ate bread and is full and is now unsure whether she said Birkat HaMazon, there’s is a dispute whether she should say it to be sure and there’s what to rely on to make it to be sure. Additionally, a woman can fulfill the obligation of a man if he listens to her Birkat HaMazon, however, she shouldn’t fulfill his obligation if the man ate to satisfaction but rather one if he ate a [[Kezayit]] and not to satisfaction.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 186:1, Mishna Brurah 186:3. See Shitat HaKadmonim (last page of bava kama) referenced on the [[Mitzvot_Aseh_SheHazman_Grama]] page regarding the obligation of women in Birkat HaMazon. </ref> | ||
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#It’s forbidden to say any Bracha or Torah within 4 [[amot]] of feces. However, after the fact, if one said Birkat HaMazon one should say Birkat HaMazon again, but if one said Birkat Mazon within 4 [[amot]] of urine one doesn’t go back to make Birkat Hamazon.<ref>S”A 185:4, Mishna Brurah 185:7-8 </ref> | #It’s forbidden to say any Bracha or Torah within 4 [[amot]] of feces. However, after the fact, if one said Birkat HaMazon one should say Birkat HaMazon again, but if one said Birkat Mazon within 4 [[amot]] of urine one doesn’t go back to make Birkat Hamazon.<ref>S”A 185:4, Mishna Brurah 185:7-8 </ref> | ||
==Making Birkat HaMazon Over Wine (Benching Al HaKos)== | ==Making Birkat HaMazon Over Wine (Benching Al HaKos)== | ||
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==Text== | ==Text== | ||
===Bracha of the Guest (Birkat HaOreach)=== | |||
#A guest should bless the homeowner who provided the food for the meal.<ref>Gemara Brachot 46a. Smag Asin 27 and Avudraham (Birchat Halechem s.v. vamrinan) cite a source from chazal that learns the idea of blessing the homeowner from the pasuk ואכלת ושבעת וברכת את ה' that את includes the bracha of a guest for the homeowner. Encyclopedia Talmudimit (Orach fnt. 72) cites the same from the Roke'ach 319.</ref> The Ashkenazic minhag is to recite shortened bracha "הרחמן הוא יברך את בעל הבית הזה" but it is better to recite the full text of the bracha "יהי רצון שלא יבוש ולא יכלם בעל הבית הזה לא בעולם הזה ולא בעולם הבא ויצליח בכל נכסיו ויהיו נכסיו מוצלחים וקרובים לעיר ולא ישלוט שטן במעשי ידיו ואל יזדקק לפניו שום דבר חטא והרהור עון מעתה ועד עולם".<ref>The full text is found in the Gemara Brachot 46a and is codified by Shulchan Aruch 201:1. The Mishna Brurah 201:5 points out that the minhag is to recite a shortened text of the bracha but really we should recite the longer one. Piskei Teshuvot 201 fnt. 9 cites the Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:122 writes that the Griz was careful to say the text of the Gemara. He also cites the Sidur Yavetz who disapproves of the shortened text.</ref> | |||
#Some say that children should recite the bracha of guests for their parents, whether they're unmarried<ref>Magen Avraham 201:2, Kaf Hachaim 201:13, Piskei Teshuvot 201:1, Vezot Habracha p. 143 quoting Rav Elyashiv</ref> or married.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 201:1 in clarifying the Magen Avraham.</ref> | |||
#It applies equally to the one leading the zimun and everyone else.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 201:3, Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona Shalach 24). Shaar Hatziyun 201:15 also writes that he doesn't know why the Magen Avraham holds that it only applies to the one leading the zimun but the minhag is that everyone says it.</ref> | |||
#Someone paying for his meal doesn't need to recite the bracha of a guest.<ref>Magen Avraham 201:2, Kaf Hachaim 201:11, Aruch Hashulchan 201:2</ref> | |||
#Some say that yeshiva students eating a meal paid for by the donors to the yeshiva should say the bracha of a guest for the donors.<ref>Or Letzion 2:46:33</ref> Others however hold that they are exempt.<ref>Vezot Habracha p. 143 quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that the yeshiva students are exempt since there's no specific homeowner. Shevet Halevi 11:51 writes that the yeshiva students are exempt since we don't fulfill others in birkat hamazon with zimun and maybe there's no obligation of a bracha of a guest today and also the homeowners don't eat with the students. See there for more reasons. He concludes that they are exempt from the actual text but should still bless the donors out of gratitude. Piskei Teshuvot 201 fnt. 5 points out that according to the Shulchan Aruch Harav 201:4 that there's no obligation of a bracha of a guest when the homeowner isn't eating with them.</ref> | |||
#Someone who had his meal sponsored and is now eating in another place according to some poskim he should nonetheless recite the bracha of a guest on behalf of the one who paid for the meal.<ref>The Piskei Teshuvot 201:1 cites the Mekor Chaim of Chovot Yair 193:3 that a guest should recite the bracha even if the homeowner isn't there.</ref> Others say that he's exempt.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Harav 201:4 writes that a guest is exempt if he's not in front of the homeowner. Vezot Habracha p. 143 quotes Rav Mordechai Eliyahu that the minhag is only to recite the bracha of a guest when eating with the homeowner.</ref> | |||
#The minhag is to say the bracha of a guest after the harachaman's.<ref>Vezot Habracha p. 143 citing Rav Mordechai Eliyahu</ref> However, some say that it is should be said immediately after the fourth bracha.<ref>Griz (Likutei Hagriz 2:13 cited by Dirshu 201:5), Bet Baruch 125 cited by Vezot Habracha p. 143</ref> | |||
#The bracha of a guest is said on Shabbat and Yom Tov and it isn't considered asking requests on Shabbat since it is part of the regular brachot we say everyday.<ref>Divrei Shalom 2:49 based on Bet Yosef 188:4 quoting the Shibolei Haleket</ref> | |||
===Magdil/Migdol=== | ===Magdil/Migdol=== | ||
