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Birchot Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
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→Ahavat Olam
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==Ahavat Olam== | ==Ahavat Olam== | ||
# This bracha is instated as the second bracha before Shema. The Rishonim argue whether this bracha is a | # This bracha is instated as the second bracha before Shema. The Rishonim argue whether this bracha is a Birchat HaMitzvah (Bracha over a Mitzvah) or Birchat HaShevach (Bracha of praise). <Ref> Rambam (Brachot 1:17) says not to interrupt between Ahavat Olam and Shema to answer amen just like one doesn’t interrupt between making a bracha and doing the action upon which you made the bracha. This implies that Ahavat Olam is a Birchat HaMitzvah (as says the Bet Yosef 59 in his first answer). Ramban (Likutim beginning of Brachot) and Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 33b D”H ULeInyan in name of Rambam, Ramban, and Ramo (spelled with a hey). However, Sh”t Rashba 1:47 in name of the Geonim says that they are their own Brachot but not Brachot hamitzvah of Shema because otherwise we should make the bracha with the words “Asher Kidishanu…Likro Et Shema”. Meiri (Brachot 11a) writes that if one only knows the Brachot and not Shema or has a Siddur with only the Brachot one can say the Brachot because they are made for their own topics, the first for the day and light and the second for Torah. Also the Rosh holds it’s not a Brichat HaMitzvah according to the first answer of Bet Yosef 59. Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 60:1) argues that some Rishonim (Tosfot (Brachot 11b) and Sefer Meorot(Brachot 12a)) also hold that it’s similar to Brachot HaMitzvah in that Brachot are integral to the mitzvah but the mitzvah can be fulfilled without the Brachot and not totally Brachot hamitzvah in that the Brachot can be said after Shema. </ref> | ||
# The Sephardim start the bracha with the words “Ahavat Olam” and Ashkenazim with the words “Ahava Rabba”. <Ref> Zohar(Vayakel og 202b, Pekudei 260b), Rif (Brachot 12a), Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:6), Shiltei Giborim (Brachot 11b) in name of Bahag, Arizal (Shaar Kavanot 19a), and S”A 60:1 record the name of the Bracha as Ahavat Olam. However, Roke’ach (Siman 320), Shiltei Giborim (Brachot 11b) in name of many Geonim, Tosfot (Brachot 11b D”H VeRabanan), Ravyah(Brachot 34), Or Zaruh 1:25, Smag Assin 19, Rosh 1:12, and Rama 60:1. | # The Sephardim start the bracha with the words “Ahavat Olam” and Ashkenazim with the words “Ahava Rabba”. <Ref> Zohar(Vayakel og 202b, Pekudei 260b), Rif (Brachot 12a), Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:6), Shiltei Giborim (Brachot 11b) in name of Bahag, Arizal (Shaar Kavanot 19a), and S”A 60:1 record the name of the Bracha as Ahavat Olam. However, Roke’ach (Siman 320), Shiltei Giborim (Brachot 11b) in name of many Geonim, Tosfot (Brachot 11b D”H VeRabanan), Ravyah(Brachot 34), Or Zaruh 1:25, Smag Assin 19, Rosh 1:12, and Rama 60:1. </ref> | ||
# The bracha doesn’t begin with the words “Baruch Atta Hashem” because it’s a bracha connected to a previous bracha. <ref>Brachot 46a writes that Brachot that follow a previous one don’t begin with Baruch. Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 1a say that Ahavat Olam is a bracha connected with the previous bracha and even if it’s said out of order one doesn’t being with Baruch since it’s established as a connected bracha. So writes Orchot Chaim (Barchu 2), Kol Bo 8, Tur and S”A 60:1. However, Sh”t Rashba 317-8 argues that it’s not a bracha connected to the earlier one since it can be said out of order but it doesn’t begin with Baruch since it’s a short bracha and just ends with Baruch. Interestingly, Meiri (Brachot 11b) says since it’s a connected bracha only when it’s said together with the previous bracha do you not being with Baruch but if it’s said alone one must begin with Baruch. Magan Avraham 60:2 rules like Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah that even if the bracha is said alone it’s said without Baruch. Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 3:81 says that since one is allowed to interrupt between the Brachot for amen and even to greet someone who deserves respect, clearly Ahavat Olam is considered a connected bracha even when said alone. Sh”t Yabea Omer E”H 4:7 and Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 6:2 discuss the dispute in the Achronim whether there’s an issue of interruption in the sheva Brachot at a wedding since the Minhag is for a different person to say each bracha and still some of the Brachot are considered connected Brachot for which we don’t being with Baruch. </ref> | # The bracha doesn’t begin with the words “Baruch Atta Hashem” because it’s a bracha connected to a previous bracha. <ref>Brachot 46a writes that Brachot that follow a previous one don’t begin with Baruch. Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 1a say that Ahavat Olam is a bracha connected with the previous bracha and even if it’s said out of order one doesn’t being with Baruch since it’s established as a connected bracha. So writes Orchot Chaim (Barchu 2), Kol Bo 8, Tur and S”A 60:1. However, Sh”t Rashba 317-8 argues that it’s not a bracha connected to the earlier one since it can be said out of order but it doesn’t begin with Baruch since it’s a short bracha and just ends with Baruch. Interestingly, Meiri (Brachot 11b) says since it’s a connected bracha only when it’s said together with the previous bracha do you not being with Baruch but if it’s said alone one must begin with Baruch. Magan Avraham 60:2 rules like Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah that even if the bracha is said alone it’s said without Baruch. Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 3:81 says that since one is allowed to interrupt between the Brachot for amen and even to greet someone who deserves respect, clearly Ahavat Olam is considered a connected bracha even when said alone. Sh”t Yabea Omer E”H 4:7 and Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 6:2 discuss the dispute in the Achronim whether there’s an issue of interruption in the sheva Brachot at a wedding since the Minhag is for a different person to say each bracha and still some of the Brachot are considered connected Brachot for which we don’t being with Baruch. </ref> | ||
