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Accepting Shabbat early: Difference between revisions

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==Friday afternoon==
==Making early Shabbat==
# At Mincha on Friday there’s no Tachanun even if one prays mincha Gedolah (six and a half hours). <Ref>S”A 267:1, Mishna Brurah 267:1 </ref>
# If one has a meal after midday on Friday should say Shir HaMaalot and not Al Neharot Bavel. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 267:1 </ref>
 
==Accepting Shabbat before praying Mincha==
# Once one accepts Shabbat one may not pray mincha of Friday but rather one must pray Mariv twice (for Tashlumin). <ref>S"A 263:15 </ref>
# If one arrived in Shul which was up to Barchu of Mariv on Friday night and one still didn't pray mincha, one should say mincha in a different shul or outside that Shul but not answer Brachu before saying Mincha. <ref>S"A 263:15, Mishna Brurah 263:58 </ref>
# If the Tzibur did not yet reach Barchu one may pray mincha in the shul even if they will reach Barchu while one is still saying Mincha, nonetheless it's preferable to say it outside the Shul (if the Tzibbur will reach Barchu while one is still saying Mincha). <ref>S"A 263:16, Mishna Brurah 263:63 </ref>
# If one accepted Shabbat early and majority of the community has not yet accepted Shabbat one may ask another Jew to perform a melacha on one's behalf. <ref>S"A 263:17, Mishna Brurah 263:64 </ref>
 
==Praying Arvit early==
# One may say Arvit earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays Mincha after Plag Mincha and Arvit after nighttime. However, some are strict that if one is going to pray Arvit before nighttime that one should make sure to pray mincha before Plag Mincha, while some defend those who are lenient in a minyan to pray both Mincha and Arvit after Plag Mincha before nighttime. <ref>
# One may say Arvit earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays Mincha after Plag Mincha and Arvit after nighttime. However, some are strict that if one is going to pray Arvit before nighttime that one should make sure to pray mincha before Plag Mincha, while some defend those who are lenient in a minyan to pray both Mincha and Arvit after Plag Mincha before nighttime. <ref>
* The Mishna (Brachot 26a) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray Mincha prior to ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan mincha may be said until nighttime. According to Rabbi Yehuda the earliest time to say Mariv is ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan the earliest time is nighttime.
* The Mishna (Brachot 26a) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray Mincha prior to ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan mincha may be said until nighttime. According to Rabbi Yehuda the earliest time to say Mariv is ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan the earliest time is nighttime.
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* The Magan Avraham 267:2 argues on the Bet Yosef and says that since one didn’t fulfill Shema one may begin one’s meal within a half hour of Tzet HaCochavim.  
* The Magan Avraham 267:2 argues on the Bet Yosef and says that since one didn’t fulfill Shema one may begin one’s meal within a half hour of Tzet HaCochavim.  
* Mishna Brurah 267:6 rules that if there’s less than a half hour before Tzet HaCochavim one shouldn’t begin one’s meal because according to many opinions one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation of Shema, however, those who do begin the meal at that time have what to rely on. Nonetheless, concludes Mishna Brurah, whether or not one eats one’s meal early one must make sure to repeat Shema after Tzet HaCochavim. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that one should make sure to start one’s meal before a half hour before Tzet HaCochavim. </ref>
* Mishna Brurah 267:6 rules that if there’s less than a half hour before Tzet HaCochavim one shouldn’t begin one’s meal because according to many opinions one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation of Shema, however, those who do begin the meal at that time have what to rely on. Nonetheless, concludes Mishna Brurah, whether or not one eats one’s meal early one must make sure to repeat Shema after Tzet HaCochavim. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that one should make sure to start one’s meal before a half hour before Tzet HaCochavim. </ref>
==What are the laws of the addition to Shabbat?==
# It is forbidden to do any Melacha after one accepted Shabbat. <ref> S"A 263:10, Mishna Brurah 261:28 </ref>
# If one accepted Shabbat early and most of the community didn't accept Shabbat it is permitted to ask a Jew who didn't accept to do a Melacha for him. <ref>S"A 263:17, Mishna Brurah 263:64 </ref>
# If it's necessary to do a Melacha and it's still early in the day before sunset, some say that may perform a Heiter Nederim, nullification of one's vow to accept Shabbat before 3 people, while others hold that the annulment isn't effective. <ref>Taz 263:3 and Levush hold that one may do Hatarat Nedarim to annul one's early acceptance of Shabbat, while the Magan Avraham 263:31, Aruch HaShulchan 263:25, Mishna Brurah 263:5 hold that this annulment will not be effective to permit one to do Melacha. See Igrot Moshe 2:38 </ref>
# One is permitted to do Kiddish and the Friday night meal before nightfall, however it's preferable to have at least a Kezayit of food after nightfall. <ref> Bach 473 writes that one can't have the Shabbat meal before nightfall. However, Taz argues and permits having a meal before nightfall. Chaye Adam (Shabbat 6:2) and Mishna Berurah 267:5 rule that one can have one's meal early but one should preferably have a Kezayit of food after nightfall to satisfy the opinion of the Bach. </ref>
==Mistaken acceptance of Shabbat early==
# If someone made a mistake on Friday afternoon and prayed Arvit thinking that it was nighttime one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and would have to pray again. One would be permissible to do Melacha (activity forbidden on Shabbat) until one prays again, while others forbid. However, if a community made such a mistake they would not have to repeat Shemona Esreh. According to many one is permissible to do Melacha until one prays again while other to some it’s forbidden to do Melacha. <Ref>Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said Arvit early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again and it would be permissible to do Melacha. However, if it’s a community who made such a mistake Rebbe said that they do not have to repeat Shemona Esreh because of Tirech DeTzibbur. The Rosh 4:6, Tur, and S”A 263:14 rule that it’s permissible to do Melacha until they pray again, while the Magan Avraham 263:26 quotes many Rishonim (Or Zaruha, Rokeach, Raavan) who are strict and forbid Melacha since they don’t have to pray again. </ref>


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