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Accepting Shabbat early: Difference between revisions

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Accepting Shabbat early (view source)

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# At Mincha on Friday there’s no Tachanun even if one prays mincha Gedolah (six and a half hours). <Ref>S”A 267:1, Mishna Brurah 267:1 </ref>
# At Mincha on Friday there’s no Tachanun even if one prays mincha Gedolah (six and a half hours). <Ref>S”A 267:1, Mishna Brurah 267:1 </ref>
# If one has a meal after midday on Friday should say Shir HaMaalot and not Al Neharot Bavel. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 267:1 </ref>
# If one has a meal after midday on Friday should say Shir HaMaalot and not Al Neharot Bavel. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 267:1 </ref>
==Obligation==
# One must add on a short amount of time to Shabbat before nightfall. <ref> Yoma 81b learns from the pasuk that one must add a bit of the 9th day of tishrei onto yom kippur. The gemara goes on to compare Shabbat to Yom Kippur. Since the Tosfet Yom Kippur is Deorittah it would seem that so is Tosfet Shabbat. S"A 263:2 rules that there's an obligation of Tosfet Shabbat. https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.yutorah.org/_materials/Tosefet%2520Shabbat%2520Part%2520I.pdf </ref>
==How long should one add to Shabbat?==
# From the ikar halacha, one doesn't have to add 18 minutes to Shabbat, however the minhag is to add 18 minutes to Shabbat. <ref>
* How long is Tosefet Shabbat? Rosh Brachot 4:6 and Tosfot Brachot 27a D”H DeRav agree that one doesn’t have to accept Shabbat from Plag Mincha (from ten and three quarter hours). Nonetheless, the Rosh 4:6 writes that certainly there is a minimum time limit but leaves it unclear as to what the limit is. Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 18b D”H Rav) quotes Rabbi Yacov who says that there’s no minimum time and any amount suffices.
* Mishna Brurah 261 writes that one should be concerned for the opinion of the Yereyim that Shabbat starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset. However, Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh"t Yabea Omer writes that according to halacha one isn't obligated to be strict for the opinion of the Yereyim, rather the addition to shabbat of 18 minutes is only a minhag. </ref>
# The minhag of yerushalim is to add 45 minutes to Shabbat. However, women don't need to abide by this minhag. <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata chap 46 note 20. </ref>


==Accepting Shabbat before praying Mincha==
==Accepting Shabbat before praying Mincha==
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==What are the laws of the addition to Shabbat?==
==What are the laws of the addition to Shabbat?==
# It is forbidden to do any Melacha after one accepted Shabbat
# It is forbidden to do any Melacha after one accepted Shabbat. <ref> S"A 263:10, Mishna Brurah 261:28 </ref>
# If it's necessary to do a Melacha one needs to have a Heiter Nederim, nullification of one's vows before 3 people.  
# If one accepted Shabbat early and most of the community didn't accept Shabbat it is permitted to ask a Jew who didn't accept to do a Melacha for him. <ref>S"A 263:17, Mishna Brurah 263:64 </ref>
# If it's necessary to do a Melacha and it's still early in the day before sunset, some say that may perform a Heiter Nederim, nullification of one's vow to accept Shabbat before 3 people, while others hold that the annulment isn't effective. <ref>Taz 263:3 and Levush hold that one may do Hatarat Nedarim to annul one's early acceptance of Shabbat, while the Magan Avraham 263:31, Aruch HaShulchan 263:25, Mishna Brurah 263:5 hold that this annulment will not be effective to permit one to do Melacha. See Igrot Moshe 2:38 </ref>
# One is permitted to do Kiddish and the Friday night meal before nightfall, however it's preferable to have at least a Kezayit of food after nightfall. <ref> Bach 473 writes that one can't have the Shabbat meal before nightfall. However, Taz argues and permits having a meal before nightfall. Chaye Adam (Shabbat 6:2) and Mishna Berurah 267:5 rule that one can have one's meal early but one should preferably have a Kezayit of food after nightfall to satisfy the opinion of the Bach. </ref>
# One is permitted to do Kiddish and the Friday night meal before nightfall, however it's preferable to have at least a Kezayit of food after nightfall. <ref> Bach 473 writes that one can't have the Shabbat meal before nightfall. However, Taz argues and permits having a meal before nightfall. Chaye Adam (Shabbat 6:2) and Mishna Berurah 267:5 rule that one can have one's meal early but one should preferably have a Kezayit of food after nightfall to satisfy the opinion of the Bach. </ref>


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