Yom Kippur: Difference between revisions

Yom Kippur is the Tenth of Tishrei on which it is incumbent upon every Jewish adult to fast<ref>Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvot (Aseh no. 164)</ref> and engage in repentance in order to receive atonement.<ref>Rambam (Teshuva 1:3) writes that the day of Yom Kippur only atones for someone who repents.</ref>

#It is a mitzvah to eat and drink on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] and one should even lessen one's learning and work in order to eat more on [[Erev Yom Kippur]].<ref>Tur and Shulchan Aruch 604:1 from gemara [[Berachot]] 8b and [[Rosh Hashana]] 9a, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 604:1), Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 448, #21) , Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 230, Ketav Sofer 112, Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 3:410:2<br />

*Rosh Yoma 8:22 writes that this is in order to prepare for the fasting on Yom Kippur itself. Ritva Rosh Hashana 9a and Tur 604 agree.

#[[Muktzeh]] (moving certain objects) is prohibited on Yom Kippur to the same extent that it is on [[Shabbat]]. Even though Muktzeh is slightly more strictly on Yom tov, Yom Kippur it treated like Shabbat for purposes of Muktzeh. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 611:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 282) </ref>

#Everyone is obligated to fast on Yom Kippur including women who are pregnant or nursing (if there is a serious medical concern one should consult one’s Rabbi). <ref>Halichot Shlomo (pg 80), Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 287) </ref>

#Someone for whom fasting Yom Kippur involves a serious health concern absolutely must ask a doctor and Rabbi whether he/she should eat on Yom Kippur. If the doctor (and Rabbi) ascertain that a person shouldn’t fast then that person should not fast even if he thinks he doesn’t need to eat. In such a case, one may not be strict upon oneself to fast as we are commanded to live by the Torah and not die by it (Chas VeShalom) and all the ways of the Torah are kind and pleasant.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 618:1, Mishna Brurah 618:5, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 287-9) </ref>

#One may not brush one's teeth on Yom Kippur.<ref>The Pitchei Teshuva YD 98:1 quotes a Tzemach Tzedek 47 who writes that it is permitted to taste something non-kosher if it isn't edible and only rabbinic. Nodeh Beyehuda YD 2:52 seems to agree. Accordingly since a person doesn't swallow toothpaste it is similar to tasting food. See article on [https://oukosher.org/blog/consumer-kosher/kashruth-issues-of-toothpaste/#fn118960673450cf4c71832c6 OUKosher.org] and Har Tzvi 95. Regarding Yom Kippur the Mishna Brurah 567:11 clarifies that it is forbidden to taste something and spit it out.</ref>

#In cases when one needs to eat on Yom Kippur (see above) one should eat less than a 2/3 of a [[KeBaytzah]] and then wait [[Kedi Achilat Pras]] (according to some this is 9 minutes) before eating again, and for drinks less than a Meloh Lugmav and wait [[Kedi Achilat Pras]] or at least Kedi Shtiyat [[Revi'it]] before drinking again. If the doctors assess that this is insufficient (after consultation with the doctor and Rabbi) one may eat as much as needed.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 618:7-8, Mishna Brurah 618:21. </ref>

#A person who is a Choleh SheEin Bo skana is permissible to take medicine on Yom Kippur if it doesn’t have a good taste. If one needs to have it with liquid one should have mouthwash.<ref>Rav Schachter in [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/763723/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Halachos_of_Yamim_Noraim Halachos of Yamim Noraim] (min 5-7). Rav Chaim Pinchas Sheinberg in Moriah Elul 5759 22:10-12 p. 101 wrote that a Choleh Shein Bo Sakana can take medicines which aren't edible foods on Yom Kippur since it is only a rabbinic restriction to eat inedible food on Yom Kippur. </ref>

#Someone who needs to eat on Yom Kippur (see above) doesn’t need to make [[Kiddish]].<ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 307), Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (Intro ch. 3, n. 12) </ref> If he says Birkat Hamazon he should say Yom Kippur in Yaaleh V'yavo.<ref>Tashbetz Katan 568 explains that there is a Yaaleh V'yavo in Birkat Hamazon for Yom Kippur since it is a holiday.</ref>

#Someone who is suffering from a bad headache may swallow an Aspirin capsule alone.<ref>Rivevot Efraim 6:320. http://www.aish.com/h/hh/yk/guide/Fasting_on_Yom_Kippur.html permits taking any bitter medicine.  </ref>

#One who has a throat infection, a fever, and a headache may drink a quantity of water that is "less than the permitted amount" (2 ounces).<ref>Shabbat Shabbaton, 64 </ref>

#A person with diarrhea's condition theoretically may be such that he must drink on Yom Kippur. <ref>[[Shabbat]] Shabbaton, 64 </ref> A rabbi and doctor should be consulted.

#If there is no doctor available to determine the medical situation, one with hepatitis may drink "less than the permitted amount" on Yom Kippur.<ref>Shabbat Shabbaton, 68 </ref>

#Some cancer patients are prohibited to fast on Yom Kippur, while others, who are authorized by a doctor, are permitted to fast.<ref>Shabbat Shabbaton, 74 </ref>

 

#Children who didn't reach chinuch to fast may eat cake or candy.<Ref>Rav Nissim Karelitz (Chut Shani Yom Kippur p. 167 cited by Dirshu 616:2), Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim p. 338)</ref>

#It’s forbidden to wash oneself in hot or cold water and even to stick one’s finger in water on Yom Kippur is forbidden. <ref>S”A 611:1, 613:1 </ref>

#If one got dirty it’s permitted to wash that area in order to remove dirt from one’s body. <ref>S”A 613:1, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 311) </ref>

#Upon [[waking up]] for [[Netilat Yadayim]] one should wash one’s hands three times only up to the knuckles. <ref>S”A 613:2 writes that since washing not for pleasure isn’t forbidden it’s permissible to wash one’s hand upon [[waking up]] for [[Netilat Yadayim]]. Mishna Brurah 613:3 writes that one may wash one’s hands three times as usual. Nitei Gavriel 43:2 says that those who have the practice to wash four time may do even on Yom Kippur.  </ref>

#If one goes to the bathroom one is allowed to wash one’s hands three times up to the end of the fingers (by the knuckles) <ref>Nitei Gavriel 43:11, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 613:2), Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 310) based on S”A 613:3</ref>

#If one walked into a bathroom but didn’t go and didn’t touch a private place one should not wash one’s hand but rather rub them on the wall or something similar unless it bothers his intent in [[prayers]]. However, someone wants to wash one’s hands has what to rely on. <ref>Nitei Gavriel 43:10 </ref>

#One may not wash one’s face upon [[waking up]], however, if one’s face became dirty or if there’s guk around one’s eyes one may wet one’s finger and clean in the area which became dirty.<ref>Nitei Gavriel 43:3-4 based on Mishna Brurah 613:9</ref>

#There’s no obligation to wash one’s hand prior to praying unlike the rest of the year.<ref>Mishna Brurah 613:5 </ref>

#It is forbidden to anoint even a part of one’s body with oil or ointment even if one is only doing so just to remove a bad smell. <ref>S”A 614:1, Mishna Brurah 614:1, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 313). Nitei Gavriel 46:5 writes that this prohibition applies equally to women as men and references Minchat [[Chinuch]] 313. </ref>

#It is forbidden to spray oneself with deodorant on Yom Kippur.<ref>Michzeh Eliyahu 2:52:10:37, Nitei Gavriel 46:2, and [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5763/devarim.html Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org] write that it is forbidden to use deodorant on Yom Kippur. Michzeh Eliyahu says that stick deodorant is sicha which is forbidden even to remove a bad smell and the spray one is rechisa. Or Yizchak 1:223 agrees. [http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=70599 Rabbi Yissachar Krakowski on yeshivaworld.com] writes that while some are lenient regarding aerosol deodorant one should avoid it by applying a thick layer on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. Rav Elyashiv and Rav Nissim Karelitz (cited by Dirshu 613:1) hold that spray deodorant is forbidden on Yom Kippur. Rav Shlomo Aviner (Piskei Shlomo v. 1 p. 320) is quoted as permitting liquid deodorant on Yom Kippur. (Seemingly his reason is that he compares it to rechisa to remove a bad smell and not like sicha.)</ref>

#Using liquid soap isn't considered anointing but is rather similar to washing. It is permitted to use down liquid soap if one's hands are dirty.<ref>Peninei Halacha (Yamim Noraim p. 219 fnt. 6) allows using liquid hand soap if one's hands are dirty such as after changing a diaper.

#It’s forbidden to wear leather shoes on Yom Kippur.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 614:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 313) </ref> Even if the leather of the shoe is on the outside of the shoe it is still forbidden to wear on Yom Kippur.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim p. 314) unlike Bet Dovid</ref>

#Some say that one shouldn't wear shoes which have a raised heel so that one feels the roughness of the ground.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/782158/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyonei_Yom_Hakippurim_#2 Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on Inyonei Yom Kippur (min 47-8)] quotes Rav Soloveitchik as saying that one shouldn't wear shoes which have raised heels so that one feels the roughness of the ground. He based this on the Rambam Shivitat Asor 3:7 who writes that one may wear cloth (non-leather) shoes because one feels the roughness of the ground, implying that non-leather shoes are only permitted if one still feels the roughness of the ground. This is also recorded in Nefesh HaRav (p. 110).</ref>

#Even though it is permissible for a child to wear leather shoes on Yom Kippur it is better to get them non-leather shoes.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 616:1 writes that children may not wear non-leather shoes. However, the poskim including Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim p. 340) and Minchat Shlomo 2:60:21 write that today since the children don't go around barefoot it is permitted but better to avoid.</ref>

#It is forbidden for a husband to sleep with his wife on Yom Kippur and furthermore, it is forbidden for them to sleep in the same bed.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 615:1, Yalkut Yosef 615:1</ref>

#The minhag is that a man and wife may not even touch on Yom Kippur.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 615:1, Yalkut Yosef 615:1</ref>

#It is forbidden for a man and wife to hug or kiss on Yom Kippur.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 615:1</ref>

#On Yom Kippur, the minhag is that women don't wear special jewelry that they would wear on Shabbat or Yom Tov.<ref>Mishna Brurah 610:4</ref>

#For sephardim, there is no [[Besamim]] bracha in the [[Havdalah]] even if Yom Kippur falls out on Motzei [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 624:3, Rambam [[Shabbat]] 29:28, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 384) </ref> Nevertheless, it is proper that after drinking from the wine of [[havdala]] that the beracha on [[besamim]] should be said and then smell the [[besamim]]. <ref>Sh"t Yabia Omer 10: footnotes to Rav Pealim 3:38 </ref>

#One should not eat before [[Havdala]]. However, if someone is very thirsty, they may drink some water.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 116, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 387, Shoel U'Meishiv 1:129 </ref>