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Hatmana: Difference between revisions
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(ok. so I decided to write that some are stringent. Anyone who wants to look further can see the footnote. The part about being fully cooked is an interesting shita (and too confusing with the shehiya aspect )that one can see in the footnote. (also most either permit or forbid)) |
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[[Image:Crock_Pot.jpg|right]] | [[Image:Crock_Pot.jpg|right]] | ||
When it comes to cooking and reheating foods on Shabbat, aside from the major biblical prohibition of [[Bishul|cooking]] there are three rabbinic prohibitions. One is that it is forbidden to leave raw food over an open fire before Shabbat for it to continue cooking as Shabbat commences. Although this does not constitute a biblical prohibition of cooking because the act of placing the food over the fire was done before Shabbat; nevertheless, we are concerned that once one is involved with ensuring that their food is cooked, they may help the process along by stoking the fire. This prohibition is called [[shehiya]].<ref>Shabbat 36b, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 253:1</ref> The second is [[Hachzara|chazara]].<ref>Shabbat 38b, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 253:2</ref> Food that was over a fire at the beginning of Shabbat but has been completely removed, must not be returned on Shabbat. There are two explanations for this in the rishonim. Some say that chazal forbade this because it appears as if one is cooking and not just reheating.<ref>Rashba shabbat 40b, Ran ibid.</ref> Others explain, that similar to chazara, we are concerned that one may come to stoke the fire.<ref>Tosfot Shabbat 38b </ref> The third is a prohibition to insulate food on Shabbat, and in some instances, even before Shabbat.<ref name=":0">Shabbat 34a, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 257</ref | When it comes to cooking and reheating foods on Shabbat, aside from the major biblical prohibition of [[Bishul|cooking]] there are three rabbinic prohibitions. One is that it is forbidden to leave raw food over an open fire before Shabbat for it to continue cooking as Shabbat commences. Although this does not constitute a biblical prohibition of cooking because the act of placing the food over the fire was done before Shabbat; nevertheless, we are concerned that once one is involved with ensuring that their food is cooked, they may help the process along by stoking the fire. This prohibition is called [[shehiya]].<ref>Shabbat 36b, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 253:1</ref> The second is [[Hachzara|chazara]].<ref>Shabbat 38b, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 253:2</ref> Food that was over a fire at the beginning of Shabbat but has been completely removed, must not be returned on Shabbat. There are two explanations for this in the rishonim. Some say that chazal forbade this because it appears as if one is cooking and not just reheating.<ref>Rashba shabbat 40b, Ran ibid.</ref> Others explain, that similar to chazara, we are concerned that one may come to stoke the fire.<ref>Tosfot Shabbat 38b </ref> The third is a prohibition to insulate food on Shabbat, and in some instances, even before Shabbat.<ref name=":0">Shabbat 34a, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 257</ref> This prohibition is called hatmana and is the subject of this article. | ||
==Insulating before Shabbat== | ==Insulating before Shabbat== | ||
# Before Shabbat, it is permissible to insulate food with material that preserves heat. This is permitted even during the [[Ben HaShemashot|twilight period]]. However, it is forbidden to insulate food with material that increases heat. Since this is similar to hot ashes, chazal were concerned that one may insulate with glowing hot ashes, and one may come to stoke the coals on [[Shabbat]].<Ref>See Talmud [[Shabbat]] 34b, Rashi at loc, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 257:1</ref> | # Before Shabbat, it is permissible to insulate food with material that preserves heat. This is permitted even during the [[Ben HaShemashot|twilight period]]. However, it is forbidden to insulate food with material that increases heat. Since this is similar to hot ashes, chazal were concerned that one may insulate with glowing hot ashes, and one may come to stoke the coals on [[Shabbat]].<Ref>See Talmud [[Shabbat]] 34b, Rashi at loc, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 257:1</ref> | ||
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*In the 2nd edition of Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchasa 42:63 he was strict regarding materials that don’t allow liquid through such as plastic, nylon, or aluminum liners inside chulent or crock pots, however in the 3rd edition there’s an explicit retraction in 1:87 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman to permit in all circumstances. | *In the 2nd edition of Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchasa 42:63 he was strict regarding materials that don’t allow liquid through such as plastic, nylon, or aluminum liners inside chulent or crock pots, however in the 3rd edition there’s an explicit retraction in 1:87 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman to permit in all circumstances. | ||
*Meor [[Shabbat]] 3 pg 519, and Menuchat Ahavah 1:3(27) are somewhat strict on the issue, the Minhag is to be lenient on this issue.</ref> | *Meor [[Shabbat]] 3 pg 519, and Menuchat Ahavah 1:3(27) are somewhat strict on the issue, the Minhag is to be lenient on this issue.</ref> | ||
# | # Submerging a bottle of liquid into a container of hot water is similar to covering it with a cloth. Thus, before Shabbat this is permissible. On Shabbat, if the container with hot water is a kli sheini, which avoids the problem of bishul, there is a way that this would be permissible as well. According to Ashkenazim who permit hatmana when the object is not totally covered, as long as the bottle is not totally submersed, it would be permitted. However, according to the Sephardim this would be forbidden.<ref>Mishna Brurah 258:2, Dirshu Footnote 258:7. See Shulchan Aruch 253:1 and Rema there regarding if it is considered hatmana when not totally covered. Chazon Ish 37:19 is stringent like the Shulchan Aruch. However, regarding the case of the bottle, the Chazon Ish 37:32 writes that there is no hatmana when it comes to submerging something in water. The upshot is that the Chazon Ish will be more lenient in our case, and one could totally submerge the bottle. </ref> | ||
===Hot Plate Blanket=== | ===Hot Plate Blanket=== | ||
[[File:Plata blanket.jpg|250px|thumb|right|According to Sephardim it is forbidden and according to Ashkenazim it is permitted if the sides of the pots are clearly and recognizable partially exposed (unlike this picture).]] | [[File:Plata blanket.jpg|250px|thumb|right|According to Sephardim it is forbidden and according to Ashkenazim it is permitted if the sides of the pots are clearly and recognizable partially exposed (unlike this picture).]] | ||
