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One of the 39 Melachot is Hotzah, [[carrying]] from one domain to another. In general, one may not carry from a public domain to a private one, or visa versa. Additionally, one may not carry 4 [[amot]] in a public domain. The definition of these domains and the exceptions under which a person may carry are described below. For a broader perspective about [[carrying on Shabbat]] and the modern Eruv, see our [[Introduction to the Modern Eruv]]. | |||
==Definition of the 4 domains== | ==Definition of the 4 domains== | ||
# There are 4 categories of domains on [[Shabbat]]: the Reshut HaRabim (public domain), Reshut HaYachid (private domain), intermediate area (Karmelit), and exempt area (Makom Patur).<ref>S"A 345:1, Kitzur S"A 81:1</ref> | # There are 4 categories of domains on [[Shabbat]]: the Reshut HaRabim (public domain), Reshut HaYachid (private domain), intermediate area (Karmelit), and exempt area (Makom Patur).<ref>S"A 345:1, Kitzur S"A 81:1</ref> | ||
# A Reshut HaYachid is defined as an area of at least 4 [[Tefachim]] by 4 [[Tefachim]] surrounded by walls of at least 10 [[Tefachim]]. This includes a pit which is 4x4 [[Tefachim]] with walls of 10 [[Tefachim]].<ref>Kitzur S"A 81:2</ref> | # A Reshut HaYachid is defined as an area of at least 4 [[Tefachim]] by 4 [[Tefachim]] surrounded by walls of at least 10 [[Tefachim]]. This includes a pit which is 4x4 [[Tefachim]] with walls of 10 [[Tefachim]].<ref>Kitzur S"A 81:2</ref> | ||
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# A Karmelit is defined as an area of 4 Techaim by 4 [[Tefachim]] with walls which are less than 10 [[Tefachim]] in height. It also includes areas where the public doesn't walk and doesn't have proper fencing such as fields, or rivers which are 10 [[Tefachim]] deep.<ref>Kitzur S"A 81:4</ref> | # A Karmelit is defined as an area of 4 Techaim by 4 [[Tefachim]] with walls which are less than 10 [[Tefachim]] in height. It also includes areas where the public doesn't walk and doesn't have proper fencing such as fields, or rivers which are 10 [[Tefachim]] deep.<ref>Kitzur S"A 81:4</ref> | ||
# A Makom Patur is a place which is less than 4 [[Tefachim]] by 4 [[Tefachim]] but is of at least 3 [[Tefachim]] in height. They are only a Makom Patur when placed in a Reshut HaRabim, but in a Karmelit they are considered like a Karmelit. <ref>Kitzur S"A 81:5</ref> | # A Makom Patur is a place which is less than 4 [[Tefachim]] by 4 [[Tefachim]] but is of at least 3 [[Tefachim]] in height. They are only a Makom Patur when placed in a Reshut HaRabim, but in a Karmelit they are considered like a Karmelit. <ref>Kitzur S"A 81:5</ref> | ||
==Where is it forbidden to carry?== | ==Where is it forbidden to carry?== | ||
# It is forbidden to carry, pass, or throw an object in a Reshut HaRabim or Karmelit. <ref>Kitzur S"A 82:1</ref> | # It is forbidden to carry, pass, or throw an object in a Reshut HaRabim or Karmelit. <ref>Kitzur S"A 82:1</ref> |