Yichud - Revision history

YitzchakSultan1 at 19:45, 23 June 2024

2024-06-23T19:45:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 23 June 2024
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	'''Yichud''' (literally "seclusion") refers to the prohibition for a man and woman, who are forbidden to one another, to be secluded together. The reason for this prohibition is lest the man and woman come to actually live with one another.<ref>Lekach Tov, Kelal 8</ref>		'''Yichud''' (literally "seclusion") refers to the prohibition for a man and woman, who are forbidden to one another, to be secluded together. The reason for this prohibition is lest the man and woman come to actually live with one another.<ref>Rav Yosef Engel (Lekach Tov, Kelal 8:7)</ref>

	==General Rules==		==General Rules==

YitzchakSultan1 at 19:43, 23 June 2024

2024-06-23T19:43:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:43, 23 June 2024
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	'''Yichud''' (literally "seclusion") refers to the prohibition for a man and woman, who are forbidden to one another, to be secluded together. The reason for this prohibition is lest the man and woman come to actually live with one another.<ref>Lekach Tov, Kelal 8</ref>		'''Yichud''' (literally "seclusion") refers to the prohibition for a man and woman, who are forbidden to one another, to be secluded together. The reason for this prohibition is lest the man and woman come to actually live with one another.<ref>Lekach Tov, Kelal 8</ref>
	~~<references /~~>

	==General Rules==		==General Rules==

Bchernigoff: Some minor edits

2024-06-23T19:34:48Z

Some minor edits

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:34, 23 June 2024
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	'''Yichud''' (literally "seclusion") refers to the prohibition for a man and woman to be ~~alone~~ with one another.		'''Yichud''' (literally "seclusion") refers to the prohibition for a man and woman, who are forbidden to one another, to be secluded together. The reason for this prohibition is lest the man and woman come to actually live with one another.<ref>Lekach Tov, Kelal 8</ref>
			<references />

	==General Rules==		==General Rules==

Bchernigoff: Some of the wording and formatting

2024-06-23T19:28:43Z

Some of the wording and formatting

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	Yichud is the prohibition for a man ~~to seclude with a~~ woman ~~that he is forbidden~~ to ~~lest he~~ be ~~intimate~~ with ~~her. This applies to secluding with a non-Jew of the opposite gender as well as a single woman~~.		'''Yichud''' (literally "seclusion") refers to the prohibition for a man and woman to be alone with one another.
	==General Rules==		==General Rules==

	#It is forbidden ~~from the Torah~~ for a man to seclude himself with a woman to whom he is forbidden. ~~It is Rabbinically forbidden for a man to seclude~~ himself with ~~any~~ woman, ~~even~~ a ~~single woman or~~ non-Jewish woman~~. It doesn't matter if the woman is Jewish or non-Jewish~~.<ref>Shulchan Aruch EH 22:1-2, Aruch Hashulchan EH 22:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 152:1, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Ishut EH Siman 22:1-2.		#According to Torah law, it is forbidden for a man to seclude himself with a woman who is an ''Ervah'', someone to whom he is forbidden. The Rabbis forbade one from secluding himself with a single Jewish woman, as well as a non-Jewish woman. <ref>Shulchan Aruch EH 22:1-2, Aruch Hashulchan EH 22:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 152:1, Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Ishut EH Siman 22:1-2.

	*The Gemara Kiddushin 80b and Avoda Zara 36b learns from a Pasuk that Yichud with a relative who one is forbidden to live with (someone who would be in the category of Arayot) is prohibited. The Gemara (Avoda Zara 36b) explicitly calls Yichud with a married women to be a biblical prohibition. Thus, Tur EH 22:1 writes that Yichud with an Erveh is biblical. The Rambam (Issurei Biyah 22:2), however, argues that Yichud is only Divrei Kabbalah. Bet Yosef (EH 22:1) explains that the Rambam holds that the gemara's expression that Yichud is biblical only meant that it is hinted to in the Torah, but Bet Yosef isn't clear if according to Rambam it is a biblical prohibition or rabbinic. However, Bet Shmuel 21:1 understands that Rambam holds that holds that all of yichud is only rabbinic. Otzar Haposkim 22:1:1 quotes that this is also the view of Levush, Atzei Arazim, Ayin Yitzchak, Ben Yamin, and Tuv Taam V'daat. On the other hand, Otzar Haposkim quotes Mabit, Ara derabbanan, Yair Ozen, and Chikrei Lev who argue that even Rambam holds it is a biblical prohibition.		*The Gemara Kiddushin 80b and Avoda Zara 36b learns from a Pasuk that Yichud with a relative who one is forbidden to live with (someone who would be in the category of Arayot) is prohibited. The Gemara (Avoda Zara 36b) explicitly calls Yichud with a married women to be a biblical prohibition. Thus, Tur EH 22:1 writes that Yichud with an Erveh is biblical. The Rambam (Issurei Biyah 22:2), however, argues that Yichud is only Divrei Kabbalah. Bet Yosef (EH 22:1) explains that the Rambam holds that the gemara's expression that Yichud is biblical only meant that it is hinted to in the Torah, but Bet Yosef isn't clear if according to Rambam it is a biblical prohibition or rabbinic. However, Bet Shmuel 21:1 understands that Rambam holds that holds that all of yichud is only rabbinic. Otzar Haposkim 22:1:1 quotes that this is also the view of Levush, Atzei Arazim, Ayin Yitzchak, Ben Yamin, and Tuv Taam V'daat. On the other hand, Otzar Haposkim quotes Mabit, Ara derabbanan, Yair Ozen, and Chikrei Lev who argue that even Rambam holds it is a biblical prohibition.
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	*Does the prohibition of yichud include a concern of rape or just seduction? Igrot Moshe 4:65:12 and 4:65:19 writes that yichud was instituted for seduction or mutual consent and not rape. This is also the opinion of Binat Adam (Teshuvot Shaar Bet Hanashim n. 26). He has two proofs: 1) the Gemara Kiddushin 80b says that the concern of yichud of one man and two women is that they might both agree to seduction and does not mention a concern of rape. 2) A woman whose husband is in the city may seclude with a man because she wouldn't sin because of fear of her husband (Rambam). If the concern was rape then this would be forbidden. However, he raises the question that Dovid made yichud even with unmarried women because of a story of Amnon's rape of Tamar. That implies that the concern of yichud is for rape. He answers that Dovid made the yichud for single women because if he would have instituted it earlier then even that case of Tamar's rape wouldn't have happened. However, Bach 22:7 and Bet Shmuel 22:15 hold that yichud is forbidden because of a concern of rape. That is how he explains why it is forbidden to have yichud with a girl above 3 years old even though there's no concern of seduction at that age.		*Does the prohibition of yichud include a concern of rape or just seduction? Igrot Moshe 4:65:12 and 4:65:19 writes that yichud was instituted for seduction or mutual consent and not rape. This is also the opinion of Binat Adam (Teshuvot Shaar Bet Hanashim n. 26). He has two proofs: 1) the Gemara Kiddushin 80b says that the concern of yichud of one man and two women is that they might both agree to seduction and does not mention a concern of rape. 2) A woman whose husband is in the city may seclude with a man because she wouldn't sin because of fear of her husband (Rambam). If the concern was rape then this would be forbidden. However, he raises the question that Dovid made yichud even with unmarried women because of a story of Amnon's rape of Tamar. That implies that the concern of yichud is for rape. He answers that Dovid made the yichud for single women because if he would have instituted it earlier then even that case of Tamar's rape wouldn't have happened. However, Bach 22:7 and Bet Shmuel 22:15 hold that yichud is forbidden because of a concern of rape. That is how he explains why it is forbidden to have yichud with a girl above 3 years old even though there's no concern of seduction at that age.
	*Is there a concern that if a man and woman currently aren't in a state of yichud that they will move into a state of yichud such as with a car since they might drive to a deserted alley? Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:2-3 is concerned for this. He says that this seems to be the dispute between Rabbenu Yerucham and Maharshal in Bet Shmuel 22:9 and we follow the Maharshal.</ref>		*Is there a concern that if a man and woman currently aren't in a state of yichud that they will move into a state of yichud such as with a car since they might drive to a deserted alley? Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:2-3 is concerned for this. He says that this seems to be the dispute between Rabbenu Yerucham and Maharshal in Bet Shmuel 22:9 and we follow the Maharshal.</ref>
	#It is ~~rabbinically~~ forbidden for a man to seclude with two women.<ref>Pitchei Teshuva 22:1 quotes Chovat Yair that yichud deoritta is limited to one man and one woman, but one man with two women is only rabbinic.</ref>		#It is Rabbinically forbidden for a man to seclude with two women.<ref>Pitchei Teshuva 22:1 quotes Chovat Yair that yichud deoritta is limited to one man and one woman, but one man with two women is only rabbinic.</ref>

	===Multiple Men and Women===		===Multiple Men and Women===

Unknown user: /* Husband in the City */

2023-06-20T20:15:41Z

Husband in the City

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	##What is considered a close relationship such that there is no leniency of having one's husband in the city? Some say that even a professional acquaintance is considered a close relationship, while others limit it to a step-sibling or a relative.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan EH 22:6 held that a professional acquaintance is considered libo gas ba but the Tzitz Eliezer 40:12:2 disagreed and quotes the Chida in Shaar Yosef 3 who is lenient. </ref>		##What is considered a close relationship such that there is no leniency of having one's husband in the city? Some say that even a professional acquaintance is considered a close relationship, while others limit it to a step-sibling or a relative.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan EH 22:6 held that a professional acquaintance is considered libo gas ba but the Tzitz Eliezer 40:12:2 disagreed and quotes the Chida in Shaar Yosef 3 who is lenient. </ref>
	#Some poskim hold that this only applies if the husband can come at any moment but not if a person knows that their husband isn't coming home until a certain time since he's at work or is involved with a specific task.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:6 is strict if the man has a job and can't come home in the middle of the day that it isn't considered baala b'ir even though technically he is in the same city as her. However, if he works for himself and can come home whenever he wants then the leniency of being in the city does permit her in yichud.</ref> Others are lenient.<ref>Yalkut Yosef EH 22:7 is lenient even if the husband is on the other side of town or he doesn't know in where his wife currently is.</ref>		#Some poskim hold that this only applies if the husband can come at any moment but not if a person knows that their husband isn't coming home until a certain time since he's at work or is involved with a specific task.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:6 is strict if the man has a job and can't come home in the middle of the day that it isn't considered baala b'ir even though technically he is in the same city as her. However, if he works for himself and can come home whenever he wants then the leniency of being in the city does permit her in yichud.</ref> Others are lenient.<ref>Yalkut Yosef EH 22:7 is lenient even if the husband is on the other side of town or he doesn't know in where his wife currently is.</ref>
			#Some poskim hold that this leniency does not apply if she's not at her own home.<ref>Chachmat Adam 126:6</ref> Others are lenient in extenuating circumstances.<ref>Igrot Moshe 4:65:21</ref>

	====Wife Protecting Husband====		====Wife Protecting Husband====

Unknown user: /* Teachers */

2023-06-20T20:14:16Z

Teachers

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	#The minhag is to permit a man to teach children if he's married even if his wife isn't in the same city.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:13 writes that the minhag is to follow Rabbi Akiva Eiger who is lenient on this. This is unlike Chelkat Mechokek 22:21 who writes that a man may not teach children unless his wife is in the town, otherwise there is a concern that he will become close to the mothers who drop off and pick up their children and sin with them.</ref>		#The minhag is to permit a man to teach children if he's married even if his wife isn't in the same city.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:13 writes that the minhag is to follow Rabbi Akiva Eiger who is lenient on this. This is unlike Chelkat Mechokek 22:21 who writes that a man may not teach children unless his wife is in the town, otherwise there is a concern that he will become close to the mothers who drop off and pick up their children and sin with them.</ref>
	#A woman can be a teacher for boys if her husband is in the town all the time (so that no issue of yichud arises).<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:18</ref>		#A woman can be a teacher for young boys if her husband is in the town all the time (so that no issue of yichud arises).<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:18. Igrot Moshe rules like Chelkat Mechokek unlike Taz who requires that her husband is in the same house.</ref>

	==Men secluding with other men==		==Men secluding with other men==

Unknown user: /* One man with multiple women */

2023-06-20T20:13:16Z

One man with multiple women

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	====One man with multiple women====		====One man with multiple women====

	#According to Ashkenazim, some permit one man to seclude with 3 or more women unless in profession he deals with women.<ref>Rama E.H. 22:5</ref> Others forbid.<Ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:14</ref>		#According to Ashkenazim, some permit one man to seclude with 3 or more women unless in profession he deals with women.<ref>Rama E.H. 22:5</ref> Others forbid.<Ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:14</ref>
			## Those who are lenient about this allow one man with three women even at night in extenuating circumstances.<ref>Igrot Moshe 4:65:20</ref>
	#According to Sephardim, one man may not be secluded with multiple women.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Ishut EH Siman 22:10. According to Yam Shel Shlomo (Kiddushin Siman 20) and Sh"t Maharsham 3:152, one man with two women is a biblical prohibition. Sh"t Chavot Yair 73 holds it is only rabbinically forbidden. See also Sh"t HaRashba 1:587.</ref>		#According to Sephardim, one man may not be secluded with multiple women.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Ishut EH Siman 22:10. According to Yam Shel Shlomo (Kiddushin Siman 20) and Sh"t Maharsham 3:152, one man with two women is a biblical prohibition. Sh"t Chavot Yair 73 holds it is only rabbinically forbidden. See also Sh"t HaRashba 1:587.</ref>

Unknown user: /* Different rooms */

2023-06-20T20:12:02Z

Different rooms

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	===Different rooms===		===Different rooms===

	#Many authorities hold that one man may not be in the same house as a woman even if they are in different rooms.<ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:65:19. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/762691/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Does_Closing_the_Door_Help_Save_Yichud_Problems Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] explains that even though Rav Moshe is strict there are some are opinions who are lenient but does not give a final ruling. See also Salmat Chaim 151, Chazon Ish 34:1-2, Shaar HaTziyun 239:27, Chachmat Adam 126:7, Divrei Malkiel 4:22, Tzitz Eliezer 6:40 (chap 7:10). </ref> However, Sephardim hold that technically there is no yichud if they aren't in the same room. They must be vigilant to make sure that they don't come to forbidden yichud by using the shared area at the same time.<ref>Gan Naul 6:3</ref>		#Many authorities hold that one man may not be in the same house as a woman even if they are in different rooms.<ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:65:19. Otzar Haposkim 22:28:5 quotes a dispute between the poskim within Rashi if locking the door between the room where the man is and where the woman is avoids yichud. Tzitz Eliezer and Divrei Malkiel hold that it is permitted even for Rashi and Ashkenazim. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/762691/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Does_Closing_the_Door_Help_Save_Yichud_Problems Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] explains that even though Rav Moshe is strict there are some are opinions who are lenient but does not give a final ruling. See also Salmat Chaim 151, Chazon Ish 34:1-2, Shaar HaTziyun 239:27, Chachmat Adam 126:7, Divrei Malkiel 4:22, Tzitz Eliezer 6:40 (chap 7:10). </ref> However, Sephardim hold that technically there is no yichud if they aren't in the same room. They must be vigilant to make sure that they don't come to forbidden yichud by using the shared area at the same time.<ref>Gan Naul 6:3. Otzar Haposkim 22:28:4 quotes this understanding of Rambam and Shulchan aruch from Chelkat Yakov and Binat Adam, but Chazon Ish wasn't sure.</ref>
	#If a woman locks herself in a room and the man in on the outside room for Ashkenazim that is considered yichud.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:19</ref> However, for Sephardim it isn't considered yichud.<ref>Gan Naul 6:3</ref>		#If a woman locks herself in a room and the man in on the outside room for Ashkenazim that is considered yichud.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:19</ref> However, for Sephardim it isn't considered yichud.<ref>Gan Naul 6:3</ref>

Unknown user: /* Multiple Men and Women */

2023-06-20T20:09:05Z

Multiple Men and Women

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 20 June 2023
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	===Multiple Men and Women===		===Multiple Men and Women===

	#It is permitted for many men and women to be secluded together.<ref>Shulchan Aruch EH 22:6</ref> What constitutes many men and many women? Some poskim write that only if there's 3 men and 3 women,<ref>Birkei Yosef EH 22:3, Pitchei Teshuva 22:5, Chelkat Mechokek EH 22:6 based on the Maggid Mishna but himself questions it. Igrot Moshe 4:65:15 agrees. Bet Shmuel 22:8 writes that "many women" means 3 but he doesn't explain what "many men" means.</ref> some say 2 men and 3 women,<ref>Chachmat Adam 126:3 ~~based on~~ Bet Shmuel 22:8</ref> and some say 2 men and 2 women constitute many men and many women.<ref>Bach 22</ref> The poskim are generally strict to consider it 3 men and 3 women.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:15</ref>		#It is permitted for many men and women to be secluded together.<ref>Shulchan Aruch EH 22:6</ref> What constitutes many men and many women? Some poskim write that only if there's 3 men and 3 women,<ref>Birkei Yosef EH 22:3, Pitchei Teshuva 22:5, Chelkat Mechokek EH 22:6 based on the Maggid Mishna but himself questions it. Igrot Moshe 4:65:15 agrees. Bet Shmuel 22:8 writes that "many women" means 3 but he doesn't explain what "many men" means.</ref> some say 2 men and 3 women,<ref>Chachmat Adam 126:3 writes this and cites Bet Shmuel 22:8</ref> and some say 2 men and 2 women constitute many men and many women.<ref>Bach 22, Taz 22:3</ref> The poskim are generally strict to consider it 3 men and 3 women.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:15</ref>
	#If the men are involved with inappropriate activities (פרוצים), then it is forbidden even if there are multiple men and women there.<ref>Pitchei Teshuva 22:6 citing Birkei Yosef. This is also suggested by Chelkat Mechokek 22:9 and Bet Shmuel 22:11.</ref>		#If the men are involved with inappropriate activities (פרוצים), then it is forbidden even if there are multiple men and women there.<ref>Pitchei Teshuva 22:6 citing Birkei Yosef. This is also suggested by Chelkat Mechokek 22:9 and Bet Shmuel 22:11.</ref>

Unknown user: /* Different rooms */

2023-06-20T00:25:49Z

Different rooms

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:25, 20 June 2023
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	===Different rooms===		===Different rooms===

	#Many authorities hold that one man may not be in the same house as a woman even if they are in different rooms. <ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:65:19. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/762691/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Does_Closing_the_Door_Help_Save_Yichud_Problems Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] explains that even though Rav Moshe is strict there are some are opinions who are lenient but does not give a final ruling. See also Salmat Chaim 151, Chazon Ish 34:1-2, Shaar HaTziyun 239:27, Chachmat Adam 126:7, Divrei Malkiel 4:22, Tzitz Eliezer 6:40 (chap 7:10). </ref>		#Many authorities hold that one man may not be in the same house as a woman even if they are in different rooms.<ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:65:19. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/762691/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Does_Closing_the_Door_Help_Save_Yichud_Problems Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] explains that even though Rav Moshe is strict there are some are opinions who are lenient but does not give a final ruling. See also Salmat Chaim 151, Chazon Ish 34:1-2, Shaar HaTziyun 239:27, Chachmat Adam 126:7, Divrei Malkiel 4:22, Tzitz Eliezer 6:40 (chap 7:10). </ref> However, Sephardim hold that technically there is no yichud if they aren't in the same room. They must be vigilant to make sure that they don't come to forbidden yichud by using the shared area at the same time.<ref>Gan Naul 6:3</ref>
	#If a woman locks herself in a room and the man in on the outside room that is considered yichud.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:19</ref>		#If a woman locks herself in a room and the man in on the outside room for Ashkenazim that is considered yichud.<ref>Igrot Moshe EH 4:65:19</ref> However, for Sephardim it isn't considered yichud.<ref>Gan Naul 6:3</ref>

	==Professionals==		==Professionals==