Kitniyot - Revision history

YitzchakSultan1: /* Sephardim */

2025-03-30T16:43:04Z

Sephardim

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 30 March 2025
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	# Some Syrians have the practice not to eat hummus on Pesach since it sounds like hametz,<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151. See Rav Paalim 3:30 who dismisses that reason and suggests another local reason. [https://images.shulcloud.com/555/uploads/2018-Passover-List-RevC.pdf JSOR (2018 p. 1)] writes that some Syrians do not eat humus on Pesach because the word sounds like Hametz. </ref> while others do not have this minhag.		# Some Syrians have the practice not to eat hummus on Pesach since it sounds like hametz,<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151. See Rav Paalim 3:30 who dismisses that reason and suggests another local reason. [https://images.shulcloud.com/555/uploads/2018-Passover-List-RevC.pdf JSOR (2018 p. 1)] writes that some Syrians do not eat humus on Pesach because the word sounds like Hametz. </ref> while others do not have this minhag.
	# Some Syrians do not eat kitniyot, while others do.<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151 writes that Syrians eat kitniyot. Rabbi Hayyim Arking (JSOR 2025 p. 36) writes that some Syrians, especially Jews who immigrated from Syria in the early 1900s, the tradition was not to eat dried kitniyot (any dried beans, lentils, tahineh, chickpeas, fasulyeh). However, fresh kitniyot like string beans and peas etc were eaten. Although dry kitniyot were not eaten, rice was still eaten, with the stipulation to check three times to ensure there are no wheat or barley kernels mixed in. Rabbi Avraham Ades (Gilyon Eretz Zvat Chalav 35-51 p. 3) writes that the Syrians did not eat kitniyot except for rice, but from the time of the war and on they did eat it. He reiterates this in Derech Eretz (p. 82). He adds that it seems that Rabbi Mordechai Abadi allowed rice on Pesach and Rabbi Avraham Attiah said that the minhag was to permit kitniyot after the war because of food shortages. </ref>		# Some Syrians do not eat kitniyot, while others do.<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151 writes that Syrians eat kitniyot. Rabbi Hayyim Arking (JSOR 2025 p. 36) writes that some Syrians, especially Jews who immigrated from Syria in the early 1900s, the tradition was not to eat dried kitniyot (any dried beans, lentils, tahineh, chickpeas, fasulyeh). However, fresh kitniyot like string beans and peas etc were eaten. Although dry kitniyot were not eaten, rice was still eaten, with the stipulation to check three times to ensure there are no wheat or barley kernels mixed in. Rabbi Avraham Ades (Gilyon Eretz Zvat Chalav 35-51 p. 3) writes that the Syrians did not eat kitniyot except for rice, but from the time of the war and on they did eat it. He reiterates this in Derech Eretz (p. 82). He adds that it seems that Rabbi Mordechai Abadi allowed rice on Pesach and Rabbi Avraham Attiah said that the minhag was to permit kitniyot after the war because of food shortages. </ref>
			# Syrians eat rice on Pesach.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=9155&pgnum=158 Shaar Hamifkad (OC p. 75a)] writes that the Syrians ate rice on Pesach in the 1800s. This is confirmed by Rabbi Avraham Ades (Derech Eretz p. 82) and JSOR (2018 p. 1). </ref>

	===Cooking Kitniyot===		===Cooking Kitniyot===

YitzchakSultan1: /* Cooking Kitniyot */

2025-03-30T16:29:36Z

Cooking Kitniyot

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:29, 30 March 2025
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	# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to, then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]] provided he has a real reason to change his practice (such as illness).<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>		# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to, then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]] provided he has a real reason to change his practice (such as illness).<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>
	# Some Syrians have the practice not to eat hummus on Pesach since it sounds like hametz,<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151. See Rav Paalim 3:30 who dismisses that reason and suggests another local reason. [https://images.shulcloud.com/555/uploads/2018-Passover-List-RevC.pdf JSOR (2018 p. 1)] writes that some Syrians do not eat humus on Pesach because the word sounds like Hametz. </ref> while others do not have this minhag.		# Some Syrians have the practice not to eat hummus on Pesach since it sounds like hametz,<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151. See Rav Paalim 3:30 who dismisses that reason and suggests another local reason. [https://images.shulcloud.com/555/uploads/2018-Passover-List-RevC.pdf JSOR (2018 p. 1)] writes that some Syrians do not eat humus on Pesach because the word sounds like Hametz. </ref> while others do not have this minhag.
	# Some Syrians do not eat kitniyot, while others do.<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151 writes that Syrians eat kitniyot. Rabbi Hayyim Arking (JSOR 2025 p. 36) writes that some Syrians, especially Jews who immigrated from Syria in the early 1900s, the tradition was not to eat dried kitniyot (any dried beans, lentils, tahineh, chickpeas, fasulyeh). However, fresh kitniyot like string beans and peas etc were eaten. Although dry kitniyot were not eaten, rice was still eaten, with the stipulation to check three times to ensure there are no wheat or barley kernels mixed in. </ref>		# Some Syrians do not eat kitniyot, while others do.<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151 writes that Syrians eat kitniyot. Rabbi Hayyim Arking (JSOR 2025 p. 36) writes that some Syrians, especially Jews who immigrated from Syria in the early 1900s, the tradition was not to eat dried kitniyot (any dried beans, lentils, tahineh, chickpeas, fasulyeh). However, fresh kitniyot like string beans and peas etc were eaten. Although dry kitniyot were not eaten, rice was still eaten, with the stipulation to check three times to ensure there are no wheat or barley kernels mixed in. Rabbi Avraham Ades (Gilyon Eretz Zvat Chalav 35-51 p. 3) writes that the Syrians did not eat kitniyot except for rice, but from the time of the war and on they did eat it. He reiterates this in Derech Eretz (p. 82). He adds that it seems that Rabbi Mordechai Abadi allowed rice on Pesach and Rabbi Avraham Attiah said that the minhag was to permit kitniyot after the war because of food shortages. </ref>

	===Cooking Kitniyot===		===Cooking Kitniyot===

YitzchakSultan1: /* Sephardim */

2025-03-30T16:21:50Z

Sephardim

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 30 March 2025
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	# A minority of Ashkenazi poskim permit Ashkenazim to eat foods with kitniyot oil in it.<ref>Bear Yitzchak 11, [https://ph.yhb.org.il/category/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97/09-%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA/ Penini Halacha (Pesach 9:6)] citing Rav Kook, [https://www.etzion.org.il/he/halakha/orach-chaim/holidays/laws-pesach-kitniyot Har Etzion] citing the practice of the Rabbanut</ref>		# A minority of Ashkenazi poskim permit Ashkenazim to eat foods with kitniyot oil in it.<ref>Bear Yitzchak 11, [https://ph.yhb.org.il/category/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97/09-%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA/ Penini Halacha (Pesach 9:6)] citing Rav Kook, [https://www.etzion.org.il/he/halakha/orach-chaim/holidays/laws-pesach-kitniyot Har Etzion] citing the practice of the Rabbanut</ref>
	===Sephardim===		===Sephardim===
	# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]].<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>		# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to, then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]] provided he has a real reason to change his practice (such as illness).<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>
	# Some Syrians have the practice not to eat hummus on Pesach since it sounds like hametz, ~~but they do eat other types of kitniyot.~~<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151. See Rav Paalim 3:30 who dismisses that reason and suggests another local reason.</ref>		# Some Syrians have the practice not to eat hummus on Pesach since it sounds like hametz,<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151. See Rav Paalim 3:30 who dismisses that reason and suggests another local reason. [https://images.shulcloud.com/555/uploads/2018-Passover-List-RevC.pdf JSOR (2018 p. 1)] writes that some Syrians do not eat humus on Pesach because the word sounds like Hametz. </ref> while others do not have this minhag.
			# Some Syrians do not eat kitniyot, while others do.<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151 writes that Syrians eat kitniyot. Rabbi Hayyim Arking (JSOR 2025 p. 36) writes that some Syrians, especially Jews who immigrated from Syria in the early 1900s, the tradition was not to eat dried kitniyot (any dried beans, lentils, tahineh, chickpeas, fasulyeh). However, fresh kitniyot like string beans and peas etc were eaten. Although dry kitniyot were not eaten, rice was still eaten, with the stipulation to check three times to ensure there are no wheat or barley kernels mixed in. </ref>

	===Cooking Kitniyot===		===Cooking Kitniyot===

YitzchakSultan1: /* Sephardim */

2025-03-30T16:15:08Z

Sephardim

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:15, 30 March 2025
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	===Sephardim===		===Sephardim===
	# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]].<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>		# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]].<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>
	# Some Syrians have the practice not to eat hummus on Pesach since it sounds like hametz.<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151. See Rav Paalim 3:30 who dismisses that reason and suggests another local reason.</ref>		# Some Syrians have the practice not to eat hummus on Pesach since it sounds like hametz, but they do eat other types of kitniyot.<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151. See Rav Paalim 3:30 who dismisses that reason and suggests another local reason.</ref>

	===Cooking Kitniyot===		===Cooking Kitniyot===

YitzchakSultan1: /* Sephardim */

2025-03-30T16:12:01Z

Sephardim

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:12, 30 March 2025
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	===Sephardim===		===Sephardim===
	# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]].<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>		# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]].<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>
			# Some Syrians have the practice not to eat hummus on Pesach since it sounds like hametz.<ref>Mechkarei Aretz 6:151. See Rav Paalim 3:30 who dismisses that reason and suggests another local reason.</ref>

	===Cooking Kitniyot===		===Cooking Kitniyot===

Bchernigoff: Edited grammar

2024-08-25T14:08:17Z

Edited grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 25 August 2024
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	[[File:Rice.jpg\|thumb\|right\|"FreeDigitalPhotos.net" ]]		[[File:Rice.jpg\|thumb\|right\|"FreeDigitalPhotos.net" ]]
	Kitniyot are a category of foods which Ashkenazi Jews refrain from eating during [[Pesach]].<ref>		Kitniyot are a category of foods which Ashkenazi Jews refrain from eating during [[Pesach]].<ref>*Background: The Gemara Pesachim (35a) writes that Chametz includes foods made with the five grains. See the [[Wheat and Grain Products]] page about the precise definition of the five grains. Th Gemara e says that orez and dochen (Tosfot [[Brachot]] 37a translates rice and millet) are not chametz, since when used to produce bread they don't ferment. The Rambam (Chametz UMatzah 5:1) rules that there's no issue of chametz with grains other than the five grains, such as rice, millet, or beans. Furthermore, says the Rambam, even if one were to mix those grains with hot water and make dough that rises, it is permitted since that's considered rotting and not positive fermentation.
	* Background: The Gemara Pesachim (35a) writes that Chametz includes foods made with the five grains. See the [[Wheat and Grain Products]] page about the precise definition of the five grains. ~~The~~ says that orez and dochen (Tosfot [[Brachot]] 37a translates rice and millet) are not chametz since when used to produce bread ~~doesn~~'t ferment. The Rambam (Chametz UMatzah 5:1) rules that there's no issue of chametz with grains other than the five grains, such as rice, millet, or beans. Furthermore, says the Rambam, even if one were to mix those grains with hot water and make dough that rises, it is permitted since that's considered rotting and not positive fermentation.		*The Tur 453:1 writes that the minhag of his location was not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]]. The Rabbenu Yerucham (cited by the Beit Yosef 453:1), Rabbenu Yechiel (cited by Beit Yosef 453:1), and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 453:1 agree.
	* The Tur 453:1 writes that the minhag of his location was not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]]. The Rabbenu Yerucham (cited by the Beit Yosef 453:1), Rabbenu Yechiel (cited by Beit Yosef 453:1), and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 453:1 agree.		*The Smak (cited by the Beit Yosef 453:1) explains that the minhag not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]] is concerned that perhaps a person will be confused between a bread or cooked dish made from kitniyot and one made from the five grains. Additionally, kitniyot flour sometimes has flour of the five grains mixed in. The Darkei Moshe 453:1, codified in the Rama 453:1, writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is to not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]] and one shouldn't deviate from the minhag.</ref>
	* The Smak (cited by the Beit Yosef 453:1) explains that the minhag not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]] is concerned that perhaps a person will be confused between a bread or cooked dish made from kitniyot and one made from the five grains. Additionally, kitniyot flour sometimes has flour of the five grains mixed in. The Darkei Moshe 453:1, codified in the Rama 453:1, writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is to not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]] and one shouldn't deviate from the minhag.</ref>

	== Definition ==		== Definition ==
	# The Ashkenazic minhag is to avoid eating Kitniyot on [[Pesach]]~~, however~~, even Ashkenazim hold that one does not have to burn or sell one's Kitniyot.<ref>The Shulchan Aruch 453:1 writes that it is permitted to eat a cooked dish made out of Kitniyot. The Rama 453:1 writes that the minhag Ashkenaz was to forbid and one shouldn't change this minhag. This is quoted by ashkenazic poskim including Darchei Moshe 453:2, Levush 453:1, Chayei Adam 127:1, Aruch Hashulchan 453:4, Elya Rabba 453:3, Prisha 453:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, Daat Torah page 119. See also Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32 as well as Kaf Hachaim 453:11. Aruch Hashulchan 453:4 says that being lenient in this minhag is testimony that one does not fear Hashem or fear sin, and does not understand the ways of torah.		# The Ashkenazic minhag is to avoid eating Kitniyot on [[Pesach]]. However, even Ashkenazim hold that one does not have to burn or sell one's Kitniyot.<ref>The Shulchan Aruch 453:1 writes that it is permitted to eat a cooked dish made out of Kitniyot. The Rama 453:1 writes that the minhag Ashkenaz was to forbid and one shouldn't change this minhag. This is quoted by ashkenazic poskim including Darchei Moshe 453:2, Levush 453:1, Chayei Adam 127:1, Aruch Hashulchan 453:4, Elya Rabba 453:3, Prisha 453:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, Daat Torah page 119. See also Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32 as well as Kaf Hachaim 453:11. Aruch Hashulchan 453:4 says that being lenient in this minhag is testimony that one does not fear Hashem or fear sin, and does not understand the ways of torah.
	* This minhag is found in several rishonim with several different reasons.		* This minhag is found in several rishonim with several different reasons.
	* Firstly, there are some rishonim who thought that there was insufficient reason to follow this minhag of not eating kitniyot. Rabbenu Yerucham 5:3 and Tur 453:1 think that this minhag is overly stringent and difficult to understand.		* Firstly, there are some rishonim who thought that there was insufficient reason to follow this minhag of not eating kitniyot. Rabbenu Yerucham 5:3 and Tur 453:1 think that this minhag is overly stringent and difficult to understand.
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	# Among traditional Ashkenazi Jews, the custom during [[Passover]] is to refrain from not only products of the five grains but also kitniyot, such as other grains and legumes. Traditions of what is considered kitniyot vary from community to community but generally include maize (North American corn) <ref> Mishna Brurah 453:4 </ref>, as well as rice, peas, lentils, and beans. Many also include peanuts in this prohibition, and one source, the Chayei Adam, also includes potatoes in his list, although his opinion is not followed by any large or major groups.		# Among traditional Ashkenazi Jews, the custom during [[Passover]] is to refrain from not only products of the five grains but also kitniyot, such as other grains and legumes. Traditions of what is considered kitniyot vary from community to community but generally include maize (North American corn) <ref> Mishna Brurah 453:4 </ref>, as well as rice, peas, lentils, and beans. Many also include peanuts in this prohibition, and one source, the Chayei Adam, also includes potatoes in his list, although his opinion is not followed by any large or major groups.
	# Some common foods that are Kitniyot include: Beans, Black eye peas, Buckwheat, Canola oil, Chickpeas, Coriander<ref>see, however, https://oukosher.org/passover/guidelines/food-items/kitniyot-list/</ref>, Corn, Fenugreek, Kasha, Lentils, Mustard, rapeseed oil<ref>Avnei Nezer OC 533 </ref>,Peanuts <ref>Iggeros Moshe (O.C. 3:63) assumes that peanuts are not kitnios but notes that some have a custom to be machmir. [http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/kitniot_list/ Kashrut.com] includes it as kitniyot. </ref>, Rice, Sesame seeds, String Beans, Sunflower seeds <ref> [http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/kitniot_list/ Kashrut.com] writes that the above mentioned foods are considered Kitniyot. For a full list of Kitniyot, see [http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/kitniot_list/ Kashrut.com].</ref>		# Some common foods that are Kitniyot include: Beans, Black eye peas, Buckwheat, Canola oil, Chickpeas, Coriander<ref>see, however, https://oukosher.org/passover/guidelines/food-items/kitniyot-list/</ref>, Corn, Fenugreek, Kasha, Lentils, Mustard, rapeseed oil<ref>Avnei Nezer OC 533 </ref>,Peanuts <ref>Iggeros Moshe (O.C. 3:63) assumes that peanuts are not kitnios but notes that some have a custom to be machmir. [http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/kitniot_list/ Kashrut.com] includes it as kitniyot. </ref>, Rice, Sesame seeds, String Beans, Sunflower seeds <ref> [http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/kitniot_list/ Kashrut.com] writes that the above mentioned foods are considered Kitniyot. For a full list of Kitniyot, see [http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/kitniot_list/ Kashrut.com].</ref>
	# On the other hand, potatoes (see below), coffee, tea, garlic, nuts, radishes and olives ~~and~~ not treated as kitnios <ref> Sha’arei Teshuvah 453:1, Chayei Adam 127:7. Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham 464:1 writes that he doesn't understand why some people don't eat garlic on [[Pesach]] but nevertheless one should be stringent. </ref>		# On the other hand, potatoes (see below), coffee, tea, garlic, nuts, radishes and olives are not treated as kitnios <ref> Sha’arei Teshuvah 453:1, Chayei Adam 127:7. Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham 464:1 writes that he doesn't understand why some people don't eat garlic on [[Pesach]] but nevertheless one should be stringent. </ref>
	===Quinoa===		===Quinoa===
	# Some say that quinoa is kitniyot, however, if there's a medical issue one may be lenient to use it on [[Pesach]].<ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/community_services/video/67558 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5769] between minutes 23 and 24 and on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 101:30 and 103:30. Rav Moshe Feinstein did not advocate abandoning the custom, but he opposed the tendency to expand the list of forbidden kitniyot (see Igrot Moshe, Orah Hayyim 3. 63). [https://yeshiva-university.zoom.us/rec/play/usAsduuh-283HoLAtASDAPZ9W9S0eq2s0igX-_pez0jkW3EFZFr1M7QRa7Qf9B_vOGt5lyO0vcW9I1-0?startTime=1585760529000&_x_zm_rtaid=CQsocm3ZRaq6pGgFL5OMGQ.1585880286593.75ff95374a21dbfc2f0c45524d508e2a&_x_zm_rhtaid=674 Rav Willig (March 31 2020, min 2)] thought that quinoa is kitniyot.</ref>		# Some say that quinoa is kitniyot, however, if there's a medical issue one may be lenient to use it on [[Pesach]].<ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/community_services/video/67558 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5769] between minutes 23 and 24 and on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 101:30 and 103:30. Rav Moshe Feinstein did not advocate abandoning the custom, but he opposed the tendency to expand the list of forbidden kitniyot (see Igrot Moshe, Orah Hayyim 3. 63). [https://yeshiva-university.zoom.us/rec/play/usAsduuh-283HoLAtASDAPZ9W9S0eq2s0igX-_pez0jkW3EFZFr1M7QRa7Qf9B_vOGt5lyO0vcW9I1-0?startTime=1585760529000&_x_zm_rtaid=CQsocm3ZRaq6pGgFL5OMGQ.1585880286593.75ff95374a21dbfc2f0c45524d508e2a&_x_zm_rhtaid=674 Rav Willig (March 31 2020, min 2)] thought that quinoa is kitniyot.</ref>

	== Reason for prohibition ==		== Reason for prohibition ==
	*From the Torah, only the five grains can become chametz and not legumes or rice.<ref>The Gemara (Pesachim 35a) states that one may only fulfill one's obligation of [[matza]] on [[Pesach]] with [[matza]] made from the five grains. The ~~gemara~~ explains that since the Torah ~~contrasts~~ [[Matza]] and chametz, anything which could ferment and become chametz may be used for [[matza]], which is only the five grains and not rice or millet. See Pesachim 114b for a proof that the Amoraim ate rice on [[Pesach]]. The Rambam (Chametz UMatza 5:1) and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 453:1 codify this gemara. See Bet Yosef 453:1 for more background of this issue.		*From the Torah, only the five grains can become chametz and not legumes or rice.<ref>The Gemara (Pesachim 35a) states that one may only fulfill one's obligation of [[matza]] on [[Pesach]] with [[matza]] made from the five grains. The Gemara explains that since the Torah juxtaposes [[Matza]] and chametz, we learn that anything which could ferment and become chametz may be used for [[matza]], which is only the five grains and not rice or millet. See Pesachim 114b for a proof that the Amoraim ate rice on [[Pesach]]. The Rambam (Chametz UMatza 5:1) and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 453:1 codify this gemara. See Bet Yosef 453:1 for more background of this issue.
	* It is interesting to note the opinion of some rishonim was that kitniyot were in fact actually chametz. Ritva Pesachim 35a s.v. hani quotes some who explain that rice and millet can become chametz on a rabbinic level. He says that in Spain the Jews were lenient based on the geonim but some chasidim were stringent. Migdal Oz Chametz Umatzah 5:1 seems to understand the Raavad as holding that kitniyot are indeed chametz and personally followed that opinion.</ref>		*It is interesting to note the opinion of some rishonim was that kitniyot were in fact actually chametz. Ritva Pesachim 35a s.v. hani quotes some who explain that rice and millet can become chametz on a rabbinic level. He says that in Spain the Jews were lenient based on the geonim, but some chasidim were stringent. Migdal Oz Chametz Umatzah 5:1 seems to understand the Raavad as holding that kitniyot are indeed chametz and personally followed that opinion.</ref>
	*The Smak (Rabbi Yitzchak of Korbol) explains that products of kitniyot appear like chametz products and can be confused.<ref>Biur Hagra 453:3 writes that a source for the minhag of kitniyot is Tosfot Pesachim 40b s.v. Rava who understands that kitniyot aren't chametz but can be confused with chametz and for those who are unlearned should be avoided. Rosh 2:28 agrees with Tosfot.</ref> Also, it can be hard to distinguish between rice flour (kitniyot) and wheat flour (chametz). Therefore, to prevent confusion, all kitniyot ~~was~~ prohibited.		*The Smak (Rabbi Yitzchak of Korbol) explains that products of kitniyot appear like chametz products and can be confused.<ref>Biur Hagra 453:3 writes that a source for the minhag of kitniyot is Tosfot Pesachim 40b s.v. Rava who understands that kitniyot aren't chametz but can be confused with chametz and for those who are unlearned should be avoided. Rosh 2:28 agrees with Tosfot.</ref> Also, it can be hard to distinguish between rice flour (kitniyot) and wheat flour (chametz). Therefore, to prevent confusion, all kitniyot were prohibited.
	*The Beit Yosef (Rabbi Yosef Karo, 16th century, Israel) notes that since regular grains may become mixed together with kitniyot (apparently due to changes in crop cycles), one may inadvertently come to eat actual chametz.		*The Beit Yosef (Rabbi Yosef Karo, 16th century, Israel) notes that since regular grains may become mixed together with kitniyot (apparently due to changes in crop cycles), one may inadvertently come to eat actual chametz.
	*The origins of this practice are not clear, though two common theories are that these items are often made into products resembling chametz (e.g. cornbread), or that these items were normally stored in the same sacks as the five grains and people worried that they might become contaminated with chametz. It was also possible that crop rotations would result in the forbidden chametz grains growing in the same fields, and being mixed in with the kitniyot. Those authorities concerned with these three issues suggested that by avoiding eating kitniyot, people would be better able to avoid chametz. The Vilna Gaon (Hagaos HaGra, 453) indeed actually cites a novel source for this custom. The Gemorrah in Pesachim (40b) notes that Rava objected to the workers of the Raish Gelusa (the Exilarch) [[cooking]] a food called chasisi on [[Pesach]], since it was wont to be confused with chametz. The Tosefos explain that, according to the Aruch, chasisi are lentils, and thus, argues the Gra, establishes the basis for the concern of kitniyot.		*The origins of this practice are not clear, though two common theories are that these items are often made into products resembling chametz (e.g. cornbread), or that these items were normally stored in the same sacks as the five grains and people worried that they might become contaminated with chametz. It was also possible that crop rotations would result in the forbidden chametz grains growing in the same fields, and being mixed in with the kitniyot. Those authorities concerned with these three issues suggested that by avoiding eating kitniyot, people would be better able to avoid chametz. The Vilna Gaon (Hagaos HaGra, 453) indeed actually cites a novel source for this custom. The Gemorrah in Pesachim (40b) notes that Rava objected to the workers of the Raish Gelusa (the Exilarch) [[cooking]] a food called chasisi on [[Pesach]], since it was wont to be confused with chametz. The Tosefos explain that, according to the Aruch, chasisi are lentils, and thus, argues the Gra, establishes the basis for the concern of kitniyot.

	== Halachot of kitniyot ==		== Halachot of kitniyot ==
	# The minhag to not eat kitnios begins on Erev [[Pesach]] at the same time that one may not eat chametz <ref> Shevet HaLevi 3:31 citing Chok Yaakov 471:2, Rav Elyashiv quoted in Siddur [[Pesach]] Kihilchato 16:footnote 42 </ref>. Although one may not eat kitnios, one may own and derive benefit from kitnios. Therefore, on [[Pesach]] one may keep cans of sweet corn in their property or feed millet to their parrot. Additionally, children, people who are ill, and people whose diet is otherwise restricted and must eat kitnios, are excluded from the minhag and may do so after consulting with a Rav. This halacha is quite relevant to baby formulas and nutritional supplements (e.g. Ensure) which invariably contain kitnios, and are usually used by people who have few non-kitnios choices, if any. When such foods are used on [[Pesach]] they should be prepared in special non-[[Pesach]] and non-chametz utensils, which should not be washed with the [[Pesach]] dishes.<ref> http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/Kitniyot/</ref>		# The minhag to not eat kitnios begins on Erev [[Pesach]] at the same time that one may not eat chametz <ref> Shevet HaLevi 3:31 citing Chok Yaakov 471:2, Rav Elyashiv quoted in Siddur [[Pesach]] Kihilchato 16:footnote 42 </ref>. Although one may not eat kitnios, one may own and derive benefit from kitnios. Therefore, on [[Pesach]] one may keep cans of sweet corn in their property or feed millet to their parrot. Additionally, children, people who are ill, and people whose diet is otherwise restricted and must eat kitnios, are excluded from the minhag and may do so after consulting with a Rav. This halacha is quite relevant to baby formulas and nutritional supplements (e.g. Ensure) which invariably contain kitnios, and are usually used by people who have few non-kitnios choices, if any. When such foods are used on [[Pesach]], they should be prepared in special non-[[Pesach]] and non-chametz utensils, which should not be washed with the [[Pesach]] dishes.<ref> http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/Kitniyot/</ref>
	# Some say that new tablecloths which may have been ironed with clothing starch, which could be made from Kitniyot, should be laundered in hot water in order to remove the starch.<ref>Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] 77:17)</ref>		# Some say that new tablecloths which may have been ironed with clothing starch, which could be made from Kitniyot, should be laundered in hot water in order to remove the starch.<ref>Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] 77:17)</ref>
	===Children===		===Children===
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	* Kaf Hachaim 453:16 quotes this Rav Poalim and suggests being strict. He says that the same would be true in terms of muktzeh that it is a questionable if it is permitted.</ref>		* Kaf Hachaim 453:16 quotes this Rav Poalim and suggests being strict. He says that the same would be true in terms of muktzeh that it is a questionable if it is permitted.</ref>
	==Gibroks==		==Gibroks==
	# According to the Gemara it is permitted to eat matzah or matzah meal that was mixed or even cooked with water. Once it was baked properly it isn't going to become chametz.<ref>Gemara 39b</reF> Chasidim have a minhag not to eat any matzah that was wetted with water ~~perhaps~~ the matzah wasn't baked completely and there's some bits of unbaked flour left on it which could become chametz if mixed with water.<ref>Gilyonei Hashas Pesachim 40b (cited by fnt. to Maharam Chalavah) notes a source for this minhag in the Rif and Geonim's explanation of the Gemara Pesachim 40b. Maharam Chalavah 40b s.v. rava in fact says that one shouldn't make matzah meal baked foods, but then he seems to only forbid children making matzah meal foods and not adults who won't get confused with actual flour.</ref>		# According to the Gemara it is permitted to eat matzah or matzah meal that was mixed or even cooked with water. Once it was baked properly it isn't going to become chametz.<ref>Gemara 39b</reF> Chasidim have a minhag not to eat any matzah that was wetted with water, out of a concern that the matzah wasn't baked completely and there's some bits of unbaked flour left on it which could become chametz if mixed with water.<ref>Gilyonei Hashas Pesachim 40b (cited by fnt. to Maharam Chalavah) notes a source for this minhag in the Rif and Geonim's explanation of the Gemara Pesachim 40b. Maharam Chalavah 40b s.v. rava in fact says that one shouldn't make matzah meal baked foods, but then he seems to only forbid children making matzah meal foods and not adults who won't get confused with actual flour.</ref>

	==Sources==		==Sources==

YitzchakSultan1: /* Nullification of Kitniyot */

2024-04-25T18:51:25Z

Nullification of Kitniyot

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	===Nullification of Kitniyot===		===Nullification of Kitniyot===
	# Kitnios is batel b’rov, which means that if someone accidentally put kitnios into their [[Pesach]] food, the food is b’dieved permitted assuming the food contains more non-kitnios than kitnios.<ref> Rema 453:1 as per Mishna Brurah 453:9, Pri Chadash 453:1, Elya Rabbah 453:4, Shulchan Aruch Harav 453:5, Chayei Adam 127:1, Az Nedberu 8:20:4. </ref> This means that although the food may have a pronounced taste of kitnios, the food is permitted (unless there are recognizable pieces of kitnios which haven’t been removed). Therefore, if a beverage is sweetened with aspartame made of kitnios shenishtaneh, even those people who hold that aspartame is forbidden (as explained above) may drink the beverage because the aspartame is batel b’rov in the other ingredients. Similarly, we have seen that there is a disagreement as to whether fenugreek is kitnios. Nonetheless, even those who follow the strict approach may consume maple syrup which is flavored with fenugreek (as it often is) because it is batel b’rov. Thus, although we’ve seen a number of disagreements as to whether certain foods are or aren’t kitnios, those disagreements are limited to one who wants to consume the actual item (or a hashgachah certifying someone else who is intentionally putting the ingredient into a food), but these disagreements rarely affect consumers.<ref> http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/Kitniyot/</ref>		# Kitnios is batel b’rov, which means that if someone accidentally put kitnios into their [[Pesach]] food, the food is b’dieved permitted assuming the food contains more non-kitnios than kitnios.<ref> Rema 453:1 as per Mishna Brurah 453:9, Pri Chadash 453:1, Elya Rabbah 453:4, Shulchan Aruch Harav 453:5, Chayei Adam 127:1, Az Nedberu 8:20:4. </ref> This means that although the food may have a pronounced taste of kitnios, the food is permitted (unless there are recognizable pieces of kitnios which haven’t been removed). Therefore, if a beverage is sweetened with aspartame made of kitnios shenishtaneh, even those people who hold that aspartame is forbidden (as explained above) may drink the beverage because the aspartame is batel b’rov in the other ingredients. Similarly, we have seen that there is a disagreement as to whether fenugreek is kitnios. Nonetheless, even those who follow the strict approach may consume maple syrup which is flavored with fenugreek (as it often is) because it is batel b’rov. Thus, although we’ve seen a number of disagreements as to whether certain foods are or aren’t kitnios, those disagreements are limited to one who wants to consume the actual item (or a hashgachah certifying someone else who is intentionally putting the ingredient into a food), but these disagreements rarely affect consumers.<ref> http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/Kitniyot/</ref>
	# Some poskim are lenient to allow Ashkenazim to eat processed foods with a minority of Kitniyot ingredients which aren't recognizable.<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1024&st=&pgnum=55 Rav Yitzchak Elchanan in Bear Yitzchak 11] writes that a mixture of Kitniyot ingredients which was made before Pesach is permitted for Ashkenazim. He explains that this is permitted for both reasons for which Kitnityot were forbidden: 1) Chametz grains sometimes get mixed up in the kitniyot. If you checked them before Pesach there is still a concern since they wouldn't be batel after Pesach starts (chozer vneyor). However, if the mixture is a liquid one then once it is nullified before Pesach it doesn't reawaken. 2) In terms of Kitniyot products being confused with Chametz products, it isn't an issue since a major effort was made to check that the kitniyot didn't have chametz in them. It is similar to the opinion of Rashi Gemara Sukkah 15a regarding the gezerah of roofing a sukkah with beams.</ref>		# Some poskim are lenient to allow Ashkenazim to eat processed foods with a minority of Kitniyot ingredients which aren't recognizable.<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1024&st=&pgnum=55 Rav Yitzchak Elchanan in Bear Yitzchak 11] writes that a mixture of Kitniyot ingredients which was made before Pesach is permitted for Ashkenazim. He explains that this is permitted for both reasons for which Kitnityot were forbidden: 1) Chametz grains sometimes get mixed up in the kitniyot. If you checked them before Pesach there is still a concern since they wouldn't be batel after Pesach starts (chozer vneyor). However, if the mixture is a liquid one then once it is nullified before Pesach it doesn't reawaken. 2) In terms of Kitniyot products being confused with Chametz products, it isn't an issue since a major effort was made to check that the kitniyot didn't have chametz in them. It is similar to the opinion of Rashi Gemara Sukkah 15a regarding the gezerah of roofing a sukkah with beams.</ref>
			# A minority of Ashkenazi poskim permit Ashkenazim to eat foods with kitniyot oil in it.<ref>Bear Yitzchak 11, [https://ph.yhb.org.il/category/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97/09-%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA/ Penini Halacha (Pesach 9:6)] citing Rav Kook, [https://www.etzion.org.il/he/halakha/orach-chaim/holidays/laws-pesach-kitniyot Har Etzion] citing the practice of the Rabbanut</ref>
	===Sephardim===		===Sephardim===
	# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]].<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>		# Some poskim say that if a Sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]].<ref>Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 84, Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref>

YitzchakSultan1: Text replacement - "S"A" to "Shulchan Aruch"

2023-07-13T19:42:08Z

Text replacement - "S"A" to "Shulchan Aruch"

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 13 July 2023
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	== Definition ==		== Definition ==
	# The Ashkenazic minhag is to avoid eating Kitniyot on [[Pesach]], however, even Ashkenazim hold that one does not have to burn or sell one's Kitniyot.<ref>The Shulchan Aruch 453:1 writes that it is permitted to eat a cooked dish made out of Kitniyot. The Rama 453:1 writes that the minhag Ashkenaz was to forbid and one shouldn't change this minhag. This is quoted by ashkenazic poskim including Darchei Moshe 453:2, Levush 453:1, Chayei Adam 127:1, Aruch Hashulchan 453:4, Elya Rabba 453:3, Prisha 453:3, Kitzur ~~S"A~~, Daat Torah page 119. See also Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32 as well as Kaf Hachaim 453:11. Aruch Hashulchan 453:4 says that being lenient in this minhag is testimony that one does not fear Hashem or fear sin, and does not understand the ways of torah.		# The Ashkenazic minhag is to avoid eating Kitniyot on [[Pesach]], however, even Ashkenazim hold that one does not have to burn or sell one's Kitniyot.<ref>The Shulchan Aruch 453:1 writes that it is permitted to eat a cooked dish made out of Kitniyot. The Rama 453:1 writes that the minhag Ashkenaz was to forbid and one shouldn't change this minhag. This is quoted by ashkenazic poskim including Darchei Moshe 453:2, Levush 453:1, Chayei Adam 127:1, Aruch Hashulchan 453:4, Elya Rabba 453:3, Prisha 453:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, Daat Torah page 119. See also Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32 as well as Kaf Hachaim 453:11. Aruch Hashulchan 453:4 says that being lenient in this minhag is testimony that one does not fear Hashem or fear sin, and does not understand the ways of torah.
	* This minhag is found in several rishonim with several different reasons.		* This minhag is found in several rishonim with several different reasons.
	* Firstly, there are some rishonim who thought that there was insufficient reason to follow this minhag of not eating kitniyot. Rabbenu Yerucham 5:3 and Tur 453:1 think that this minhag is overly stringent and difficult to understand.		* Firstly, there are some rishonim who thought that there was insufficient reason to follow this minhag of not eating kitniyot. Rabbenu Yerucham 5:3 and Tur 453:1 think that this minhag is overly stringent and difficult to understand.
	* Hagahot Maimoniyot (cited by Beit Yosef 453:1) writes that there's a minhag not to eat kitniyot such as beans and lentils because it is possible to make cooked dishes from them just like grains. Also, grains are sometimes mixed up with kitniyot. He adds that mustard is also included in the minhag since it is similar to a grain. Mordechai Masechet Pesachim 2:588 cites this as well in name of the Smak. The Agur (no. 845) records a minhag not to eat kitniyot, rice, and millet since grain was sometimes mixed in.</ref> One is permitted to keep Kitniyot in one's home on [[Pesach]].<ref> Rama 453:1 </ref>		* Hagahot Maimoniyot (cited by Beit Yosef 453:1) writes that there's a minhag not to eat kitniyot such as beans and lentils because it is possible to make cooked dishes from them just like grains. Also, grains are sometimes mixed up with kitniyot. He adds that mustard is also included in the minhag since it is similar to a grain. Mordechai Masechet Pesachim 2:588 cites this as well in name of the Smak. The Agur (no. 845) records a minhag not to eat kitniyot, rice, and millet since grain was sometimes mixed in.</ref> One is permitted to keep Kitniyot in one's home on [[Pesach]].<ref> Rama 453:1 </ref>
	# Although some sephardic poskim say that it is preferable not to eat kitniyot, the custom among Sephardim is to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]].<ref> Rav Pealim 3:30, Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32. </ref>		# Although some sephardic poskim say that it is preferable not to eat kitniyot, the custom among Sephardim is to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]].<ref> Rav Pealim 3:30, Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32. </ref>
	# Sephardim should check the rice or any kitniyot to make sure that there's no chametz mixed before they cook them.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Kitzur ~~S"A~~ 453:1</ref>		# Sephardim should check the rice or any kitniyot to make sure that there's no chametz mixed before they cook them.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 453:1</ref>

	==Which foods are Kitniyot?==		==Which foods are Kitniyot?==

YitzchakSultan1 at 17:48, 13 July 2023

2023-07-13T17:48:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:48, 13 July 2023
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	[[Category:Pesach]]		[[Category:Pesach]]
	[[Category:Holidays]]		[[Category:Holidays]]
			{{Pesach}}

Unknown user: /* Cooking Kitniyot */

2021-04-13T16:59:58Z

Cooking Kitniyot

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 13 April 2021
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	# Some hold that it is permitted for someone who doesn’t eat kitniyot to cook for someone who does eat kitniyot on Yom Tov, while others argue.<ref>Rav Poalim OC 3:30 writes that it is forbidden for someone who doesn’t eat kitniyot to cook on Yom Tov for someone who does eat kitniyot. The same could be applied to someone who ate meat and won’t be able to eat dairy until the end of the day that they may not cook dairy. His proof is that the Mahariv writes that someone who took a neder not to eat on Yom Tov may not eat or even cook. It is similar to someone who didn’t make an eruv on Yom Tov can’t cook for others. That itself is questionable as the Divrei Malkiel points out. However, does that the Mahariv apply here? The Birkei Yosef thought it didn’t. He explained that only when a person takes a neder that makes it completely forbidden that it isn’t Ochel Nefesh to cook on Yom Tov, however, for someone that one food is forbidden but for others it is permitted that is considered Ochel Nefesh. However, the Rav Poalim argues that the Magen Avraham provides another reason for the Mahariv. He writes that Hoil is only a reason that permits something on a biblical level and not a rabbinic level. If so, then the same can be applied to a case of one person cooking kitniyot if they themselves can’t eat it. Yabia Omer OC 10:55 argues that this is certainly permitted when discussing cooking on Yom Tov for Shabbat if you have an eruv tavshilin. He explains that the Birkei Yosef is correct and there’s no issue with Hoil once there is eruv tavshilin.		# Some hold that it is permitted for someone who doesn’t eat kitniyot to cook for someone who does eat kitniyot on Yom Tov, while others argue.<ref>Rav Poalim OC 3:30 writes that it is forbidden for someone who doesn’t eat kitniyot to cook on Yom Tov for someone who does eat kitniyot. The same could be applied to someone who ate meat and won’t be able to eat dairy until the end of the day that they may not cook dairy. His proof is that the Mahariv writes that someone who took a neder not to eat on Yom Tov may not eat or even cook. It is similar to someone who didn’t make an eruv on Yom Tov can’t cook for others. That itself is questionable as the Divrei Malkiel points out. However, does that the Mahariv apply here? The Birkei Yosef thought it didn’t. He explained that only when a person takes a neder that makes it completely forbidden that it isn’t Ochel Nefesh to cook on Yom Tov, however, for someone that one food is forbidden but for others it is permitted that is considered Ochel Nefesh. However, the Rav Poalim argues that the Magen Avraham provides another reason for the Mahariv. He writes that Hoil is only a reason that permits something on a biblical level and not a rabbinic level. If so, then the same can be applied to a case of one person cooking kitniyot if they themselves can’t eat it. Yabia Omer OC 10:55 argues that this is certainly permitted when discussing cooking on Yom Tov for Shabbat if you have an eruv tavshilin. He explains that the Birkei Yosef is correct and there’s no issue with Hoil once there is eruv tavshilin.
	* Kaf Hachaim 453:16 quotes this Rav Poalim and suggests being strict. He says that the same would be true in terms of muktzeh that it is a questionable if it is permitted.</ref>		* Kaf Hachaim 453:16 quotes this Rav Poalim and suggests being strict. He says that the same would be true in terms of muktzeh that it is a questionable if it is permitted.</ref>
			==Gibroks==
			# According to the Gemara it is permitted to eat matzah or matzah meal that was mixed or even cooked with water. Once it was baked properly it isn't going to become chametz.<ref>Gemara 39b</reF> Chasidim have a minhag not to eat any matzah that was wetted with water perhaps the matzah wasn't baked completely and there's some bits of unbaked flour left on it which could become chametz if mixed with water.<ref>Gilyonei Hashas Pesachim 40b (cited by fnt. to Maharam Chalavah) notes a source for this minhag in the Rif and Geonim's explanation of the Gemara Pesachim 40b. Maharam Chalavah 40b s.v. rava in fact says that one shouldn't make matzah meal baked foods, but then he seems to only forbid children making matzah meal foods and not adults who won't get confused with actual flour.</ref>

	==Sources==		==Sources==