Muktzeh Machmat Gufo

2013-03-18T16:44:17Z

Nissim:

==Muktzeh Machmat Gufo==
===Definition===
# The following items are included in the severe Muktzeh category:
* items that are non-utensils or have no function
* items that are precious or delicate and wouldn’t be used for a permitted activity
===Rules===
# Muktzeh Machmat Gufo may not be moved even if one needs the object or it’s place is needed. <Ref>Rama 308:7 </ref>
# It’s permitted to move a severe Muktzeh item for any of the follow reasons:
* item is foul-smelling or disgusting
* item is a safety hazard
* item is at risk of being stolen
* for human dignity

===Examples===
* animals <ref> S”A 308:39 </ref>
* bars of soap <ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:22(15), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Tikkunim UMiluim (pg 32), and Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 158) all consider a bar of soap to be Muktzeh Machmat Gufo</ref>
* battery <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 61) quoting Rav Elyashiv says that batteries are considered Muktzeh Machmat Gufo and in extenuating circumstances can be considered Kli Sh’Melachto LeIssur </ref>
* bicycles <ref> Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 24) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
* board of wood <ref>Magan Avraham 308:18, Mishna Brurah 308:34 writes that many people aren’t aware of this prohibition to use a board to lock the door or another purpose unless it was designated permanently or made some action to fix it before [[Shabbat]]. </ref>
* cameras <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* coins <ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308) </ref>
* corpse <ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308) </ref>
* detergent <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* dirt <ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308) </ref>
* eye-shadow <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* flour <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* glue <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* insecticides <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 164), Menuchat [[Shabbat]] 88:7, Brit Olam (Muktzeh Machmat Gufo#33), Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 30) </ref>
* lantern (metal) <ref>Magan Avraham 308:18, Mishna Brurah 308:34 </ref>
* light bulbs <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* lulav <ref> Mishna Brurah 308:25 </ref>
* mascara <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* money <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* nutshells <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* plastic tablecloth rolls <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 98) rules that since a roll of plastic tablecloth roll is unusable and it’s forbidden to rip it on [[Shabbat]] the roll is totally Muktzeh Machmat Gufo. </ref>
* raw barley <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* rock <ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308) </ref>
* rolls of silver foil or toilet paper <ref> Shalmei Yehuda pg 98, 171 writes that it’s Muktzeh because Muktzeh Machmat Issuro</ref>
* sticks <ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308) </ref>
* sand <ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308) </ref>
* shaanetz clothes <ref> S”A 308:47 </ref>
* spray paint <ref> Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 30) </ref>
* tin-foil roll <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 98) rules that since a roll of tin-foil is unusable and it’s forbidden to rip it on [[Shabbat]] the roll is totally Muktzeh Machmat Gufo. </ref>
* used matches <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 308:100) </ref>
* Vaseline <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
* toothpaste <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>

==Foods==
# Any food that’s edible for animals isn’t Muktzeh as long as there are such animals around, however, if it’s not eaten by a certain animal which aren’t common it’s Muktzeh unless one owns such an animal. <Ref>S”A 308:29 </ref>
# Soft bones, peels, or crumbs are not Muktzeh because they are edible for animals. <ref>S”A 308:27 </ref>
# However, egg shells, nut shells, or hard bones (from which all the meat was removed) which aren’t edible for animals may not be moved directly. If there’s a permissible item also on the plate, one may move the entire plate (but not touch the actual shells). If there’s a need for the place of the plate one may move the entire plate <ref>S”A 308:27, Mishna Brurah 308:113, 114 </ref> If the above doesn’t apply then one should
* shake it off the plate
* use a utensil to knock it off
* or if the above options are difficult place a permissible item on the plate and then move the entire plate. <Ref> S”A 308:27, Mishna Brurah 308:115, 116 </ref>
# Some say that raw meat is Muktzeh and some say it’s not Muktzeh.
# While salted or smoked fish that’s edible isn’t Muktzeh, while raw fish is Muktzeh <Ref>S”A 308:32 writes that salted fish isn’t Muktzeh while raw fish is. Mishna Brurah 308:126 writes that herring or other fish could be eaten (with difficulty) if salted or smoked aren’t Muktzeh. </ref> even if it’s edible for animals. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 308:126 explains that a food which is meant to be eaten by people but is inedible is Muktzeh even if it’s edible to animals. </ref>

==Animals==
# Animals are Muktzeh and one shouldn’t grab them directly even if there’s a loss involved (such as if the animals are going to break something). <Ref>S”A 308:39, Mishna Brurah 308:146 </ref>
# If the animal needs to be walked one may do so without grabbing the animal directly except for chickens which usually flap their wings when held. <Ref>S”A 308:40, Mishna Brurah 308:151 explains that because of Tzaar Baalei Chaim (pain of a living creature) it’s permissible to move a Muktzeh item partially. </ref>
# If there’s a need one may push animal from behind. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 308:152 </ref>
==Forbidden objects==
# Shanez clothing are Muktzah Machmat Gufo. <Ref> S”A 307:47 quotes two opinions and sides with those who are lenient, however, Mishna Brurah 308:161 holds like the strict opinion. </ref> However Shanez clothes of a non-Jew aren’t Muktzeh unless the non-Jew gives a Jew a collateral of Shanez clothes. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 20:37 based on S”A HaRav writes that Shanez of a non-Jew isn’t muktzah. However, Mishna Brurah 308:161 (quoted in Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata’s footnote there) writes that a non-goy who gives a Jew a collateral of Shanez clothes is Muktzeh. Muktzah: A Practial Guide (by Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen; pg 107) rules that Shaatnez clothes are Muktzah Machmat Gufo. </ref>
# A door that became detached from a house, building, etc. is Muktzeh Machmat Gufo. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 308:35. </ref> However, if it became detached prior to the onset of Shabbat and was designated for permissible use, then it is not Muktzeh.
==Designation of an object for a purpose==
# Items which are not normally used for a permissible purpose such as rock <ref> S”A 308:22 writes that there’s a distinction whether the object is normally used for a permissible purpose or not. This is also evident in Mishna Brurah 308:87 and 92. </ref> one needs to make a permanent designation or a physical action to fix it for that permissible use (like organizing rocks in order to sit on). <Ref>S”A 308:21 writes that rocks which are Muktzeh Machmat Gufo a designation doesn’t work to make it non-Muktzeh rather an action is needed such as organizing the rocks. Rama 308:21 writes that rocks only need a designation. Mishna Brurah 308:90 writes the consensus of the achronim is to hold like S”A. </ref>
# However, something which sometimes is used for a permissible purpose only needs a mental designation <ref>Mishna Brurah 308:85 and 93 write that a mental designation is sufficient and verbal one isn’t necessary </ref>, which should be a permanent designation, but in cases of need it’s sufficient to have a designation for that [[Shabbat]] alone. <ref>S”A 308:22 quotes three opinions regarding an object that’s normally used for permissible purposes; some say a designation for that [[Shabbat]] alone is a designation, some say a permanent designation, and some say an action is necessary. S”A quotes the first opinion as the main (anonymous) opinion. Mishna Brurah 307:97 writes that in conclusion if there’s a need a designation for one [[Shabbat]] is sufficient. Mishna Brurah 308:86 writes that unlike S”A the Eliyah Rabba holds that a designation just for the weekday isn’t a designation rather a designation for that [[Shabbat]] is needed. </ref>Using that object for a permissible purpose before [[Shabbat]] is the equivalent of a designation and it wouldn’t be Muktzeh. <Ref>S”A 308:22 writes that sitting on the sticks on wood or tying them together is a sufficient designation. Mishna Brurah 308:83 and 85 explain that an action expresses one’s intent to use it for a permissible purpose. </ref>

==Sources==
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Muktzeh Machmat Gufo