Halachipedia - User contributions [en]

Talk:When Does Shabbat End?

2016-01-18T08:58:01Z

MishnaQaraite: corrections

Thank you for the Sephardic custom. If anyone knows the customs in the other Minhagim that would be great. I know for Qaraites there are simply too many different opinions for me to say. [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 13:58, 14 January 2016 (EST)
 I appreciate your comment though just to clarify this website is for Orthodox halacha and not Qaraite practices.

I have also heard that it is a Mitzvah to eat something for [[Motzei Shabbat]] could you provide details on this please? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 15:45, 14 January 2016 (EST)
 There is a mitzvah of [[Melava Malka]] which is a mitzvah to eat a meal after Shabbat.--[[User:YitzchakSultan|YitzchakSultan]] ([[User talk:YitzchakSultan|talk]]) 21:05, 16 January 2016 (EST)

:Thank you very much [[User:YitzchakSultan]], I observe Melava Malka but had only heard recently that Orthodox Jews do the same thing -which I think is beautiful! :D I think a link in the article to [[Havdalah]] and [[Melava Malka]] would certainly be appropriate wouldn't it? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 03:42, 18 January 2016 (EST)

Talk:Havdalah

2016-01-18T08:54:47Z

MishnaQaraite:

Thank you for this, I read the following on this website [http://www.shemayisrael.com/parsha/aram/archives/toldos65.htm]:
:"B) Our Sages amended this so that we should say "Ata Honantanu" in the prayer, and make Havdalah on a cup of wine. Havdalah includes four benedictions, and their acronym is Yavneh - yayin (wine), besamim (the sweet aroma of scent), ner (a candle), Havdalah. The order is ascending. First the mouth enjoys the wine, then the nose enjoys the scent, then the eyes see the fire, and finally the brain comprehends the difference between holy and profane. Our Sages said (Shvuot 18b) He who makes Havdalah on wine on Mossaei Shabbat has sons who are capable of ruling on Halachic matters, as it says "To separate between holy and profane" and after that: "to teach the people of Israel" see there. Certainly if he himself is a Talmid Hacham, by saying Havdalah on Mossaei Shabbat he will merit that he will be able to conclude his learning according to Halachah and teach the Jewish people what they should do. Therefore, everyone should be careful to make Havdalah the way it should be made on Mossaei Shabbat, and this includes saying "Ata Honantanu" during the Arvit (evening) prayer of Mossaei Shabbat."
...which I think this is beautiful. :) I am assuming that the "amendment" refers to amending the Mitzvah of Havdalah (if I have misunderstood, please correct me). In particular I am interested does anyone know what was the practice before the amendment? Could Havdalah be made over a meal? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 14:06, 14 January 2016 (EST)
: The mitzvah of havdalah previously was originally to be made over a cup of wine and later made to be only an insertion into shemona esrei and then it was enacted that it should be both. Havdalah may not be may over a meal (Shulchan Aruch 296:2).--[[User:YitzchakSultan|YitzchakSultan]] ([[User talk:YitzchakSultan|talk]]) 21:11, 16 January 2016 (EST)

::Thank you for the kind reply [[User:YitzchakSultan]]. Is it not the case that an After-blessing must be recited once the wine has been taken? And is it not also the case that the after-blessing for the wine may be incorporated into the after-blessing for Melaveh Malka? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 03:51, 18 January 2016 (EST)
::Is this information here [https://books.google.co.il/books?id=lIyGmAZUXxgC&pg=PA299&lpg=PA299&dq=havdalah+%22after-blessing%22&source=bl&ots=98yVHQhaGS&sig=yJ7D8G48ZDydXxuZYpBSSn1PFXc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOipjRhLLKAhWH7BQKHfJTCKsQ6AEIIzAC#v=onepage&q=havdalah%20%22after-blessing%22&f=false] Orthodox? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 03:54, 18 January 2016 (EST)

Talk:Havdalah

2016-01-18T08:51:00Z

MishnaQaraite:

Talk:When Does Shabbat End?

2016-01-18T08:43:36Z

MishnaQaraite: sp correction

Thank you for the Sephardic custom. If anyone knows the customs in the other Minhagim that would be great. I know for Qaraites there are simply too many different opinions for me to say. [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 13:58, 14 January 2016 (EST)
 I appreciate your comment though just to clarify this website is for Orthodox halacha and not Qaraite practices.

I have also heard that it is a Mitzvah to eat something for [[Motzei Shabbat]] could you provide details on this please? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 15:45, 14 January 2016 (EST)
 There is a mitzvah of [[Melava Malka]] which is a mitzvah to eat a meal after Shabbat.--[[User:YitzchakSultan|YitzchakSultan]] ([[User talk:YitzchakSultan|talk]]) 21:05, 16 January 2016 (EST)

:Thank you very much [[User:YitzchakSultan]], I observe Melava Malka but had only heard recently that Orthodox Jews do thew same thing. I think a link in the article to Havdalah and Melava Malka would certainly be appropriate wouldn't it? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 03:42, 18 January 2016 (EST)

Talk:When Does Shabbat End?

2016-01-18T08:42:55Z

MishnaQaraite: thank you

Thank you for the Sephardic custom. If anyone knows the customs in the other Minhagim that would be great. I know for Qaraites there are simply too many different opinions for me to say. [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 13:58, 14 January 2016 (EST)
 I appreciate your comment though just to clarify this website is for Orthodox halacha and not Qaraite practices.

I have also heard that it is a Mitzvah to eat something for [[Motzei Shabbat]] could you provide details on this please? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 15:45, 14 January 2016 (EST)
 There is a mitzvah of [[Melava Malka]] which is a mitzvah to eat a meal after Shabbat.--[[User:YitzchakSultan|YitzchakSultan]] ([[User talk:YitzchakSultan|talk]]) 21:05, 16 January 2016 (EST)

:Thank you very much [[User:YitchakSultan]], I observe Melava Malka but had only heard recently that Orthodox Jews do thew same thing. I think a link in the article to Havdalah and Melava Malka would certainly be appropriate wouldn't it? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 03:42, 18 January 2016 (EST)

User talk:YitzchakSultan

2016-01-18T08:39:18Z

MishnaQaraite: sp correction

Shalom Yitchak Sultan, thank you for your message on my wall and I certainly do understand where you are coming from. It is a ubiquitous misunderstanding especially thanks to the "Neo-Karaite Jewish" movement (which sprang up in the USA at about the same time Messianic "Judaism" did yet now ed to number between 25,000 and 50,000 and who can not even transliterate Qaraite into English properly naming themselves after a group of X-ian Turks instead) that Qaraites have always rejected the Mishnah, but this is certainly not the case as any serious researcher in Qaraite studies will always realize eventually. The sect of Anan ben Daniel ben David is not to be confused with the Palestinian Minhag of the original Anan ben David. I do recommend Moshe Gill's history of Palestine for a deeper understanding of the original situation.

Concerning my interwiki linking of the word [[Pesukim]] in [[The meals of Shabbat]] here [http://halachipedia.com/index.php?title=The_meals_of_Shabbat&diff=prev&oldid=18097] which you reversed here [http://halachipedia.com/index.php?title=The_meals_of_Shabbat&diff=next&oldid=18097], it really will help those of use who come from a non-orthodox education but are sincerely interested in learning about the Orthodox Jewish Halakhah. I respectfully petition you please to restore the link in [[The meals of Shabbat]] article and if you have some knowledge about Pesukim and encourage you to please do start make a start for those of us who are less fortunate in our education. Todah rabah! [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 03:38, 18 January 2016 (EST)

User talk:YitzchakSultan

2016-01-18T08:38:18Z

MishnaQaraite:

Shalom Yitchak Sultan, thank you for your message on my wall and I certainly do understand where you are coming from. It is a ubiquitous misunderstanding especially thanks to the "Neo-Karaite Jewish" movement (which sprang up in the USA at about the same time Messianic "Judaism" did yet now ed to number between 25,000 and 50,000 and who can not even transliterate Qaraite into English properly naming themselves after a group of X-ian Turks instead) that Qaraites have always rejected the Mishnah, but this is certainly not the case as any serious researcher in Qaraite studies will always realize eventually. The sect of Anan ben Daniel ben David is not to be confused with the Palestinian Minhag of the original Anan ben David. I do recommend Moshe Gill's history of Palestine for a deeper understanding of the original situation.

Concerning my interwiki linking of the word [[Pesukim]] in [[The mealss of Shabbat]] here [http://halachipedia.com/index.php?title=The_meals_of_Shabbat&diff=prev&oldid=18097] which you reversed here [http://halachipedia.com/index.php?title=The_meals_of_Shabbat&diff=next&oldid=18097], it really will help those of use who come from a non-orthodox education but are sincerely interested in learning about the Orthodox Jewish Halakhah. I respectfully petition you please to restore the link in [[The mealss of Shabbat]] article and if you have some knowledge about Pesukim and encourage you to please do start make a start for those of us who are less fortunate in our education. Todah rabah! [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 03:38, 18 January 2016 (EST)

Talk:Zimmun

2016-01-18T08:18:27Z

MishnaQaraite:

Page needs to be reordered, as many Halachot ar under the wrong heading.

The following halacha was added by User Halacha on oct 21 2015 without a source and was removed until a source is appended:
# When three women instead of three men say [[Birkat HaMazon]], the word, "Rabotai" is changed to, "Chaverotai".

==Minhag==
The article says "The minhag is to say.." but does not specify which minhag? Ashkenazi? Sephardi? Romaniot? Looking forward to more details. Thank you! [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 03:18, 18 January 2016 (EST)

Talk:Erev Pesach

2016-01-14T21:06:29Z

MishnaQaraite:

Could someone make a page on what happens if Erev Pesach falls on a Shabbat please? I am thinking of the fast of the firstborn and removing Chametz etc.. Todah rabah! :) [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 16:04, 14 January 2016 (EST)

Also how would that have affected the Korban Chagigah? [[User:MishnaQaraite|MishnaQaraite]] ([[User talk:MishnaQaraite|talk]]) 16:06, 14 January 2016 (EST)

Talk:Erev Pesach

2016-01-14T21:04:40Z

MishnaQaraite: Created page with "Could someone make a page on what happens if Erev Pesach falls on a Shabbat please? I am thinking of the fast of the firstborn and removing Chametz etc.. Todah rabah! :) ~~~~"

The Meals of Shabbat

2016-01-14T20:51:04Z

MishnaQaraite: /* Kiddish during the day */

{{Good}}
[[Image:Shabbat_Table.jpg|250px|right]]
There is a mitzvah to eat three meals of bread on [[Shabbat]]. At the Friday night and the first meal on [[Shabbat]] day, [[Kiddush]] is recited. The laws that relate specifically to the [[third meal of Shabbat]] are on the [[Seudat Shelishit]] page. Additionally, in order to escort out [[Shabbat]] there is a fourth meal at the conclusion of [[Shabbat]], called [[Melaveh Malka]].
==Covering the Challah==
# There are multiple reasons for covering the [[challah]]. Some say that it is in commemoration of the Maan which was covered with dew. Others say that it is so as not to "embarrass" the bread as we are reciting the [[Kiddush]] before [[HaMotzei]]. <ref> Tosafot in Pesachim 100b says that because the maan fell between layers of dew, which preserved it, we cover the [[challah]] above and below. Rosh Pesachim 10:3 as well as the Tur 271 quote the Yerushalmi saying that since wheat is written first in the pasuk of the seven species for which [[Israel]] is praised and the beracha on it should be recited first, we don't want to embarrass the [[challah]] by saying the beracha on the wine first, therefore, we cover the [[Challah]]. Mishna Brurah 271:41 cites the reason of the maan even if one recites [[Kiddush]] over the [[Challah]] one should cover the [[Challah]], but according to the Tur this isn't necessary. THe Mishna Brurah concludes that the minhag is to cover the [[Challah]] even in such a case.</ref>
# Even if one is not going to make [[Kiddish]] oneself but rather hear it from someone else one should still cover the challahs. <ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in back of Radiance of [[Shabbos]], Siman 1, Iggrot Moshe OC 5:18 </ref>

==Having two loaves of Challah==
[[Image:Challah.jpeg|200px|right]]
# For the [[Shabbat]] meals one should have Lechem Mishna meaning that one needs to make [[Hamotzei]] over [[two loaves of bread]] on [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] in commemoration of the double portion of Man that fell before [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> S”A 274:1, Mishna Brurah 274:1. The poskim have a debate of whether this obligation is from the torah or the rabbis. The Taz OC 678:2, Chatam Sofer OC no. 46, and Aruch Hashulchan 274:1 all say it is from the torah while the Magen Avraham 254:23 says that it is only rabbinic. </ref>
# Women are also obligated in [[Lechem Mishneh]].<Ref>Meiri [[Shabbat]] 118a writes that women are obligated in [[Lechem Mishneh]] just as they are obligated in other mitzvot of [[Shabbat]] such as the meals of [[Shabbat]], [[Kiddish]], and [[Havdalah]]. Mishna Brurah 274:1 rules that women are obligated in [[Lechem Mishneh]] based on the reasoning that they too enjoyed from the miracle of the manna. Beiur Halacha 291 s.v. nashim, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 2, pg 172), and Aruch Hashulchan 274:4 agree. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] kihilchita 55:3 says that although this is the accepted opinion, Rav Shlomo Kluger in Haelef licha shlomo 114 writes that women don't have the custom to eat lechem mishne because it is a mitzva on the sanctity of [[shabbat]] which is a mitzvat aseh shehazman grama, and is not included in the source for their obligation in [[Kiddush]].</ref> Some say that the women should hear the Bracha from the one making [[HaMotzei]] on the two loaves, while others defend the minhag of those who don’t hear the [[HaMotzei]] and make [[HaMotzei]] on the piece given to them. <Ref> Sh”t Kinyan Torah 1:88 and Eshel Avraham (siman 274) defend the minhag, while Sh”t Bear Moshe quotes the Chatom Sofer who was insistent on having the women hear the Bracha of [[HaMotzei]] from the one making it over two loaves. </ref>
# Kabbalistically, one should try to have 12 loaves of bread corresponding to the Lechem HaPanim for the meals of Shabbat. If one can't, one should try to have at least 4 loaves and if one has 5 or 6, one should take 4 and leave the others out. Similarly, if one only has 3 loaves, one should use 2 loaves and leave the third one out. <ref>Kaf HaChaim 262:2-3</ref>
# One should wait for everyone to sit before reciting [[Hamotzei]] in order to fulfill Lechem Mishna.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 2, pg 172)</ref>
# Some say that one should hold both loaves even while one is breaking or cutting the first loaf. Others say that one may put one of them down and then break the other.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 274:12 writes that one should continue to hold both loaves of bread while one breaks the first loaf. Shulchan Aruch HaRav 274:2 argues that one may place one of them down after the bracha and then break the other loaf. Chazon Ovadyah (v. 2, p. 170) agrees but adds that one who follows the Kaf HaChaim should be blessed. </ref>

==Procedure==
# Some have the custom to cut a little bit of the [[challah]] before reciting the beracha. <ref> Mishna Brurah 274:5 quoting the Magen Avraham 274:1. Aruch Hashulchan 274:6. The Tzlach on [[Berachot]] 39b says that this is an incorrect practice. </ref>
# Some have the custom to recite "birshus," meaning, "with your permission," before reciting the beracha. <ref> Rama 167:14, Aruch Hashulchan 167:29 and Mishna Brurah 274:2. The Vilna Gaon (Maaseh Rav 78), however, views this as a [[hefsek]] and says it should not be recited. </ref>
# It is a custom among Sepharadim to sing "lemivtza al rifta" between netilat yadayim and the beracha of hamotzi for the bread. <ref> Maran HaHida (Mahaziq Berakha 166:3) writes that he saw Rabanan Qadisha (our Holy Sages) sing LeMibsa’ ‘al Rifta after washing and before hamosi. The Ben Ish Hai (VaYera, 14) quotes the above statement of Maran HaHida and adds: “In our own home we have the custom from our forefathers to recite LeMibsa’ between washing and hamosi, and it should be said at all three meals of Shabbat.” See Sh"t (p.192) by Ribi Barukh Toledano. Ribi Ya’aqob Benaim Sh”t (Maghen Abot, O”H p.426 §40) attests to this being the minhag of Tetouan. </ref>
===Salt===
# Before eating the challah, one should dip it in salt. <ref> Rama 167:5, Yalkut Yosef 274:18, [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14556&st=&pgnum=91 Taamei Haminhagim pg. 78]. Beit Yosef 167 brings from the Shibbolei Haleket that this is because one's table is compared to the mizbeach, and salt was used with every sacrifice in the beit hamikdash. see also [http://www.torahmusings.com/2011/06/salt-and-challah/ Salt and challah] by Rabbi Gil Student</ref> If one does not have salt, he should dip it in something else which has salt or in sugar. <ref> Yalkut Yosef 274:18 </ref>

==What kind of challah should be used==
# Both challahs should be complete. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 274:1. Arukh Ha-shulchan 274:5 says that if a whole one is not available then the mitzva can nevertheless be fulfilled with two broken ones.</ref> Even if part of the [[challah]] is burnt it is still considered whole. <ref> Mishna Brurah 274:2. </ref>
# Preferably, both loaves should be fresh but if one is frozen after the fact they may be used for making the Bracha of [[HaMotzei]]. <Ref>Sh”t Yabia Omer 7:32, Or Letzion (vol 2, chapter 21:2). Tshuvot V’hanhagot 2:170 and Shmirat [[Shabbat]] K'hilchata 55:12 say that since the bread will soon become edible it is still evident that you have two loaves. Sh"t Bitzel Hachochma 3:110, and Rav Moshe Feinstein (cited in Radiance of Shabbos page 76) likewise maintained that one may use frozen challah as Lechem Mishnah. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach quoted in note 39 in SSK chapter 55 says that it might only be permissible if the bread will defrost by the end of the meal.</ref>
# The challahs should not be in a bag or wrapped up during the beracha. <ref> MB 167:23, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchita volume 2,55:11:38, and Rav Scheinberg quoted in The Radiance of [[Shabbos]] page 79 footnote 18. see also Sh"t Rivivos Ephraim 1:201 </ref>
# If two pieces of bread stuck together in the oven and then were separated gently each one is considered whole for the mitzvah of Lechem Mishna. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 176). </ref>
#The challahs used should preferably be larger than a [[Kezayit]]. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchita vol. 2, 55:5, Rav Scheinberg quoted in The Radiance of [[Shabbos]] page 79 footnote 15. </ref>
# If one only has one loaf of bread one may use [[Pas habah BeKisnin]] for the second loaf to fulfill Lechem Mishna. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 185), Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchita volume 2, 55:16 and Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in The Radiance of [[Shabbos]] page 78 footnote 13. </ref>
# Preferably pas yisrael should be used, meaning bread that was baked by a Jew, but if this isn't possible then any kosher bread can be used. <ref> Mishna Brurah 242:6. </ref>
#If one doesn't have even one whole loaf, it is still preferable to use two slices than just one. <ref> Aruch Hashulchan 274:5 and the HaNetziv in Meishiv Davar 1:21 and the reasoning being that the obligation for lechem mishne and whole bread are two separate ones. </ref>
# Bagels may be used for lechem mishne and are considered complete even though there is a hole in the middle. <ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:204:2 </ref>

==Passing the Challah==
# One shouldn’t give the [[Challah]] directly into the hands of someone else but rather one should place it down on a plate or the table to pass it to someone else. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 312), Piskei Teshuvot (Siman 274 note 7) </ref>
# One should not throw the challah across the table. <Ref>Rabbi David Yosef (Halacha Brurah Vol: pg. 49, Magen Avraham 167:38, Pri Megadim A:A 167:38, Mishnah Brurahh 167:88, Minhag Yisroel Torah 167:4, [http://halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDefault.asp?HalachaID=2821 Throwing Bread] on Halacha Yomit </ref>

==How much to eat==
# It is preferable to eat slightly more than a KeBaytzeh of bread for the meals of [[Shabbat]], however, many say that after the fact one fulfills one's obligation by eating only a [[Kezayit]]. <ref>
* The Behag ([[Shabbat]] chap. 16) says that one should eat the three meals of [[Shabbat]] and it is permissible separate the two daytime meals by covering the table, making [[Birkat HaMazon]], and then [[HaMotzei]] and eating a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread. The Ran ([[Shabbat]] 43b s.v. Tanu) quotes this Behag. The Tur 291:1 writes that one should eat a [[KeBaytzah]] for [[Seudat Shelishit]]. The Bet Yosef 291:1 explains that the Tur is following the Behag. What's the reason to have a [[KeBaytzah]]?
* (1) The Bach 291:3 writes that the reason to have a [[KeBaytzah]] is that it is preferable to have a Kebaytzeh in order to be obligated to make [[Birkat HaMazon]], even though the actual standard halacha is that someone who ate only a [[Kezayit]] one is obligated to make [[Birkat HaMazon]]. The Eliyah Rabba (291:3) and Hagahot Ben Aryeh (on Behag [[Shabbat]] chap 16), however, reject the Bach because they understand that there's no preference for having a [[KeBaytzah]] in terms of [[Birkat HaMazon]].
* (2) The Machasit HaShekel 291:1 writes that the reason a [[KeBaytzah]] is necessary is order to make it into a significant meal and not just a snack, though after the fact if one eats only one [[Kezayit]] one fulfilled ones obligation. Though, according to this explanation, the Magen Avraham 291:1 and Mishna Brurah 291:2 explain that really slightly more than a [[KeBaytzah]] is necessary because a significant meal is defined in Hilchot [[Mincha]] (Shulchan Aruch 232) to be more than a KeBeytzah.
* (3) The Beiur HaGra 291:2 writes that the amount of a [[KeBaytzah]] is learned out from Hilchot [[Sukkah]]. The Hagahot Ben Aryeh (on Behag [[Shabbat]] chap 16) asks that this explanation can not explain the position of Shulchan Aruch who holds that in Hilchot [[Sukkah]] (Shulchan Aruch 639:2) a significant meal is more than a KeBeytzah. [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=22238&st=&pgnum=197 Birkat Eliyahu] (commentary to Bieur HaGra 291:2) answers that the Gra thought that really everyone agrees that a significant meal is a [[KeBaytzah]], but for [[Sukkot]] the reason a significant meal is defined as more than a KeBaytzeh is because by [[Sukkot]] we're supposed to dwell in the [[Sukkah]] just as we dwell indoors.
* (4) Hagahot Ben Aryeh (on Behag [[Shabbat]] chap 16, authored by Rav Zev Wolf Ben Aryeh, father of Rav Yisrael Salanter) explains that the Behag is only discussing a case where one wants to have [[Seudat Shelishit]] immediately following the [[Shabbat]] day meal and in order to show that [[Seudat Shelishit]] is a significant meal, one needs to eat a [[KeBaytzah]], but in general if [[Seudat Shelishit]] was eaten as a separate meal, one only needs to eat a [[Kezayit]] for the meals of [[Shabbat]].
* What's the halacha? Shulchan Aruch 291:1 codifies the Tur's statement that one should eat a Kebaytzeh for [[Seudat Shelishit]]. The [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=9150&st=&pgnum=142&hilite= Malbushei [[Yom Tov]] 291:1] in fact argues that he sees no reason that one be obligated to eat more than a [[Kezayit]] as the Gemara [[Shabbat]] 119b says that a [[Kezayit]] is sufficient for the [[Friday night meal]]. [The Sh"t Maharil (end of Siman 94) and Radvaz 1:489 seem to only require a [[Kezayit]].] Eliyah Rabba 291:3 quotes this. See the Machasit HaShekel who answers the Malbushei [[Yom Tov]]'s question from the Gemara [[Shabbat]]. The Mishna Brurah 291:2 quotes the Magen Avraham who says that one should eat more than a [[KeBaytzah]], however, some say one only needs a [[Kezayit]] and he concludes that preferably if one is able, one should be strict to have a Kebaytzeh. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 54:20 agrees. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, p. 313) writes that for the [[Friday night meal]] and [[Shabbat]] day meal one needs to have a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread and if that’s difficult one may have a [[Kezayit]] of bread (and in such a case one should wash without a Bracha). </ref>However, if one only eats a [[Kezayit]], according to many opinions one shouldn't say the Bracha of [[Al Netilat Yadayim]] when washing for the bread. <Ref>See [[Netilat_Yadayim_for_a_meal#Minimum_amount_of_bread_to_obligate_Netilat_Yadayim]].</ref>
# One should make sure to eat a [[Kezayit]] of the bread for the meals of [[Shabbat]] within Shiur [[Kedi Achilat Pras]].<ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, p. 313) writes that one should eat a [[Kezayit]] of bread for the meals of [[Shabbat]] within the time of [[Kedi Achilat Pras]]. </ref>
# For the Bracha on honey [[challah]], see [[Pas_Haba_Bikisnin#Honey_Challah]].
==Which Challah to break==
# On Friday night, one should cut the lower of the two loaves. On [[Shabbat]] morning and [[Yom Tov]] night and morning one should cut the upper of the two loaves. <Ref>S”A and Rama 274:1 </ref>
==If started a meal Friday afternoon==
# If one started a meal during Friday afternoon (before 9 hours) and now [[Shekiah]] comes, one should cover the bread, make [[Kiddish]], and then finish the meal. <ref> S”A 271:4 based on Shmuel’s opinion on Pesachim 100a </ref>
# If one had wine during the meal of Friday afternoon, when one makes [[Kiddish]] one doesn’t say Borei Pri HaGafen nor [[HaMotzei]]. <ref> S”A 271:4 writes that one doesn’t make a Borei Pri HaGafen as the wine is already covered from the wine earlier in the meal. Mishna Brurah 271:18 says because of Safek [[Brachot]] one doesn’t make another [[HaMotzei]]. </ref>
# If one doesn’t have wine and so, one makes [[Kiddish]] on bread one shouldn’t make [[HaMotzei]]. <ref> S”A 271:4 </ref>
==Retzeh in Birkat HaMazon==
# On [[Shabbat]] one should add Retzeh in the middle of the third Bracha of [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref>S”A 188:4,5 </ref>
# If one forgot Retzeh and one realized:
## before saying Hashem’s name at the end of the third Bracha one should return to Retzeh and then continue from there. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 44:12, Mishna Brurah 188:22 </ref>
## after saying Hashem’s name but before saying Boneh Yerushalayim one should immediately say למדני חוקיך which is the conclusion of a פסוק in Tehillim and then return to Retzeh and continue from there. <ref> Chaye Adam 47:16 writes that if one realizes after having said Baruch Atta Hashem one should conclude with למדני חוקיך so that Hashem’s name isn’t in vain and then one may return to Retzeh. Mishna Brurah 188:22 and Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments to Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 44:16) agree. [See Igrot Moshe 4:93 who disagrees with the Mishna Brurah regarding inserting למדני חוקיך in [[Shmoneh Esrei]].] </ref>
## after finishing the third Bracha before starting the fourth Bracha one should insert a special Bracha ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם שנתן שבתות למנוחה לעמו ישראל באהבה לאות ולברית ברוך אתה ה' מקדש השבת. <Ref>S”A 188:6, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 44:12. The S”A HaRav 188:9 writes that the logic behind this is that as long as one didn’t begin the fourth Bracha it’s as though one is still in middle of the third Bracha. The reasoning here is based on the discussion in S”A 114 (see [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] in [[Shmoneh Esrei]] section). </ref>
## within the first six words of the fourth Bracha (ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם) one should continue with the special Bracha (שנתן...) mentioned in the last option. <Ref> Chazon Ovadia ([[Berachot]] pages 101-102), Or Litzion (vol 2 p. 113), and Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchita (vol 2 p. 212 n 6) write that as long as one still within the first six words of the fourth bracha one should continue with the special Bracha for [[Shabbat]] and then say say the fourth bracha from the beginning. Mishna Brurah 188:23 quotes the Chaye Adam 47:18 who says that if one is still within the first six words of the fourth Bracha one may continue with the special Bracha insertion and then start the fourth Bracha again. Even though the Beiur Halacha s.v. Ad questions this Chaye Adam, the Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 515-6) rules like the Chaye Adam. However, the Birkei Yosef 188:7 says that once you say the word baruch for the fourth beracha you can no longer say the beracha of "asher natan" and you have to go back to the beginning of [[birkat hamazon]]. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 44:13, Ben Ish Chai chukat 20, and Shulchan Aruch Harav 188:4 agree with the Birkei Yosef.</ref>
## after one said the seventh word in the fourth Bracha, one should repeat Birkat Hamazon. <Ref>S”A 188:6 </ref>
# If the meal extended until after sunset on [[Shabbat]], [[Yom Tov]], etc. and one has to insert the special Bracha between the third and fourth Bracha this special Bracha should be said without [[Shem UMalchut]] meaning one should just say ברוך שנתן…<ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 511) based on Beiur Halacha 188:10 s.v. mazkir, Kesot HaShulchan 47:3 </ref>
==Setting the table==
# One should set one's table nicely, make [[Kiddish]], wash, make [[HaMotzei]], and have a nice meal for [[Shabbat]] day. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 289:1 </ref>
==Kiddish during the day==
# The text of [[Kiddish]] during the day is just Borei Pri Hagefen. <ref> Pesachim 106a writes that the primary [[Kiddish]] is at night but there's also a [[Kiddish]] of the day. Even though it seems to be Deorittah as the gemara learns it from a pasuk, the Rishonim agree that the pasuk is only an asmachta (Ravad and Magid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10), quoted by Bear Heitiv 289:2) and the obligation of [[Kiddish]] during the day is only Rabbinic. The gemara concludes that the text of such a [[Kiddish]] is just Borei Pri [[HaGefen]]. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10) and Shulchan Aruch 289:1 rule this as halacha. </ref> However, many have the minhag to say [[Pesukim]] before saying the Bracha. Some say two paragraphs "Veshamaroo" and "Zachor". Some skip to the last sentence of "Zachor" starting with "Al cen berach" before saying the bracha on the wine, however, some authorities discourage this practice. <ref>Mishna Brurah 289:2 </ref>

==Eating before Kiddish==
# It's forbidden to taste anything before [[Kiddish]]. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10) and Shulchan Aruch 289:1 rule that since there's an obligation to make [[Kiddish]] it's forbidden to eat anything before [[Kiddish]] just like the [[Kiddish]] of Friday night. </ref> This law also applies to women. <ref>Mishna Brurah 289:6 </ref>
# It's permissible to drink water before [[Shacharit]] on [[Shabbat]] day since the obligation of [[Kiddish]] doesn't apply until one prayed. <ref> Tur writes in the name of his father, the Rosh, and Shulchan Aruch 289:1 </ref>
==Kiddish in the place of a meal==
# [[Kiddush]] of the day must also be made in the place of a meal. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 289:1 </ref>
==Wine for Kiddish==
# If there's no wine available one may use Chamar Medina which is beer or another drink which is common in that place but not water. If one doesn't even have Chamar Medina, one should say hamotzi and eat the bread and if one doesn't even have bread, one may eat without [[Kiddish]]. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 289:2, Mishna Brurah 289:10 </ref>
==[[Shabbat]] Zemirot==
# After having eaten one's fill it's proper to sing Zemirot (songs) of praise to Hashem. <ref>Mishna Brurah 289:5 </ref>

==Links==
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/771671/Rabbi_Baruch_Simon/Halachos_of_the_Shabbos_Meals Halachos of the Shabbos Meals] by Rabbi Baruch Simon
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/782301/Rabbi_Michael_Taubes/The_Shabbos_Meals The Shabbos Meals] by Rabbi Michael Taubes
==Sources==
<references/>
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