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[[Me'amer]] is the prohibition of gathering on [[Shabbat]].
==Biblical prohibition==
==Biblical prohibition==
# It is biblically forbidden to gather two fruits which lie under the tree on which they grew. <Ref> Hilchot [[Shabbos]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider, vol 1, pg 82), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 305)</ref>
# It is biblically forbidden to gather two fruits which lie under the tree on which they grew. <Ref> Hilchot [[Shabbos]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider, vol 1, pg 82), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 305)</ref>
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# If fruits or nuts fell and scattered in the house, according to some authorities, it is permissible to collect the scattered fruit, however, according to others, it is forbidden to gather the fruit, but if it impairs proper Kavod [[Shabbat]] or not respectful for guests one may sweep it into a pile and then pick them up and if that’s not possible one may even gather them into the fruit drawer (of the refrigerator) or a bag. <Ref>
# If fruits or nuts fell and scattered in the house, according to some authorities, it is permissible to collect the scattered fruit, however, according to others, it is forbidden to gather the fruit, but if it impairs proper Kavod [[Shabbat]] or not respectful for guests one may sweep it into a pile and then pick them up and if that’s not possible one may even gather them into the fruit drawer (of the refrigerator) or a bag. <Ref>
*Those who are lenient: 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 312), Hilchos [[Shabbos]] (Rabbi Eider, vol 1, pg 85, Me’amer note 41), Nishmat [[Shabbat]] (335:145), and Or Letzion (vol 2, 43:7) agree that there’s no concern of [[Uvda DeChol]] with fruit that scattered in the house. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 312) says that the same is true of nuts that fell and scattered. [Chut Sheni (vol 2, pg 51) on the one hand writes that there’s no [[Uvda DeChol]] when doing something that has no resemblance of a Melacha such as collecting toys made from something that grows from the ground (such as wood), however, he forbids collecting fruit scattered in the house or nuts scattered in the Shul.]  
*Those who are lenient: 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 312), Hilchos [[Shabbos]] (Rabbi Eider, vol 1, pg 85, Me’amer note 41), Nishmat [[Shabbat]] (335:145), and Or Letzion (vol 2, 43:7) agree that there’s no concern of [[Uvda DeChol]] with fruit that scattered in the house. 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 312) says that the same is true of nuts that fell and scattered. [Chut Sheni (vol 2, pg 51) on the one hand writes that there’s no [[Uvda DeChol]] when doing something that has no resemblance of a Melacha such as collecting toys made from something that grows from the ground (such as wood), however, he forbids collecting fruit scattered in the house or nuts scattered in the Shul.]  
* Those who are strict: Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]], 13:1), Kitzur S”A 80:10, Brit Olam (Me’amer #7, pg 32), Ayil Meshulash Me’amer (Siman 7, pg 173), Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 5:6), Orchot [[Shabbat]] (18:85, pg 509) and Sh”t Shevet HaKehati 2:148 agree that there is [[Uvda DeChol]] even if the fruit was scattered in the house. See also Eliyah Rabba (end of 335) who seems to agree. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 5, pg 2) quotes the dispute between the Az Nidbaru and Or Letzion and leaves it unresolved.] Kitzur S"A writes that certainly if the fruit isn't scattered, (but in a pile, ) in the house there's no prohibition in collecting the fruit.
* Those who are strict: Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]], 13:1), Kitzur S”A 80:10, Brit Olam (Me’amer #7, pg 32), Ayil Meshulash Me’amer (Siman 7, pg 173), Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 5:6), Orchot [[Shabbat]] (18:85, pg 509) and Sh”t Shevet HaKehati 2:148 agree that there is [[Uvda DeChol]] even if the fruit was scattered in the house. See also Eliyah Rabba (end of 335) who seems to agree. [Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 5, pg 2) quotes the dispute between the Az Nidbaru and Or Letzion and leaves it unresolved.] Kitzur Shulchan Aruch writes that certainly if the fruit isn't scattered, (but in a pile, ) in the house there's no prohibition in collecting the fruit.
* [What is the opinion of the Mishna Brurah? S”A 340:9 rules that it’s forbidden to collect salt in the area of an evaporated salt deposit and the same is true for [[gathering]] anything in the place where it grew. The Mishna Brurah 340:37 points out that it’s permissible in terms of Me’amer to gather things in a place other than where they grew, for example it’s permissible to collect fruit which was scattered in the house. ]
* [What is the opinion of the Mishna Brurah? S”A 340:9 rules that it’s forbidden to collect salt in the area of an evaporated salt deposit and the same is true for [[gathering]] anything in the place where it grew. The Mishna Brurah 340:37 points out that it’s permissible in terms of Me’amer to gather things in a place other than where they grew, for example it’s permissible to collect fruit which was scattered in the house. ]
* [However, upon analysis the Mishna Brurah concludes his above statement with a reference to S”A 335:5. S”A 335:5 writes that if fruit was scattered here and there throughout a field it is forbidden to gather them into a basket but one may gather them a little at a time to eat them, however, if they fell in one spot one may put them in a basket unless they fell among sand or dirt. Mishna Brurah 335:17 explains that the prohibition in this case is not Me’amer (because the fruit didn’t grow in the courtyard) but still there’s a prohibition of [[Uvda DeChol]] (a weekday activity that involves excessive effort) which only applies if they are scattered or amongst sand or dirt.]
* [However, upon analysis the Mishna Brurah concludes his above statement with a reference to S”A 335:5. S”A 335:5 writes that if fruit was scattered here and there throughout a field it is forbidden to gather them into a basket but one may gather them a little at a time to eat them, however, if they fell in one spot one may put them in a basket unless they fell among sand or dirt. Mishna Brurah 335:17 explains that the prohibition in this case is not Me’amer (because the fruit didn’t grow in the courtyard) but still there’s a prohibition of [[Uvda DeChol]] (a weekday activity that involves excessive effort) which only applies if they are scattered or amongst sand or dirt.]
* [Based on this reference of the Mishna Brurah, Sh”t Az Nidabru 14:17 argues that the prohibition of [[Uvda DeChol]] (a weekday activity that involves excessive effort) would apply equally if fruit were scattered in a field or a house. However, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, Me’amer, note 35) understands the Mishna Brurah to mean that there’s no prohibition at all collecting fruit in the house.]  
* [Based on this reference of the Mishna Brurah, Sh”t Az Nidabru 14:17 argues that the prohibition of [[Uvda DeChol]] (a weekday activity that involves excessive effort) would apply equally if fruit were scattered in a field or a house. However, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, Me’amer, note 35) understands the Mishna Brurah to mean that there’s no prohibition at all collecting fruit in the house.]  
* Are there are permissible ways of [[gathering]] the fruit? The Biur Halacha (335:5 D”H Echad) writes that according to the Bet Yosef it’s only forbidden to collect into a basket or field utensil, but it would be permissible to gather fruit into a pile, however the Gra argues that it’s only permissible to collect the fruit one at a time in order to eat it. Therefore, even though Ayil Meshulash (Siman 7, pg 174) held that it was [[Uvda DeChol]] to collect fruit scattered in a house, nonetheless, he concludes that in cases of need such as where having scattered fruit impairs Kavod [[Shabbat]] or isn’t presentable in front of guest one may collect the fruit in a pile, fruit drawer, or bag. Similarly, Orchot [[Shabbat]] (18:85, pg 509) holds that there’s an issue of [[Uvda DeChol]] [[gathering]] fruit even inside the house but permits sweeping them into a pile (and gives no explanation why the latter is permissible).  
* Are there are permissible ways of [[gathering]] the fruit? The Beiur Halacha (335:5 s.v. Echad) writes that according to the Bet Yosef it’s only forbidden to collect into a basket or field utensil, but it would be permissible to gather fruit into a pile, however the Gra argues that it’s only permissible to collect the fruit one at a time in order to eat it. Therefore, even though Ayil Meshulash (Siman 7, pg 174) held that it was [[Uvda DeChol]] to collect fruit scattered in a house, nonetheless, he concludes that in cases of need such as where having scattered fruit impairs Kavod [[Shabbat]] or isn’t presentable in front of guest one may collect the fruit in a pile, fruit drawer, or bag. Similarly, Orchot [[Shabbat]] (18:85, pg 509) holds that there’s an issue of [[Uvda DeChol]] [[gathering]] fruit even inside the house but permits sweeping them into a pile (and gives no explanation why the latter is permissible).  
* Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 26:24 writes that fruit which scattered in the house may be swept together and then picked up. It’s possible that he agrees with those who are lenient or that he holds that even if it’s an issue one may be lenient when [[gathering]] them in a pile and not a basket. </ref>
* Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 26:24 writes that fruit which scattered in the house may be swept together and then picked up. It’s possible that he agrees with those who are lenient or that he holds that even if it’s an issue one may be lenient when [[gathering]] them in a pile and not a basket. </ref>
# Fruits scattered on a table one be collected. <Ref>Ayil Meshulash (Siman 7, pg 175), Halachos of [[Shabbos]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider, vol 1, pg 85) </ref>
# Fruits scattered on a table one be collected. <Ref>Ayil Meshulash (Siman 7, pg 175), Halachos of [[Shabbos]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider, vol 1, pg 85) </ref>
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# It’s permissible to collect toys scattered across the floor or siddurim scattered around a shul. However, according to Sephardim it’s preferable not to pick up the toys by hand but rather to sweep them into the toy box. <Ref>Ayil Meshulash (Siman 7, pg 174) explains that there’s no prohibition of Me’amer nor [[Uvda DeChol]] collecting siddur in a shul or toys on the floor. Halachos of [[Shabbos]] (Rabbi Eider, vol 1, pg 85) and Practical Halachos of [[Shabbos]] (pg 25) agree. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 391) agrees that it doesn’t involve Me’amer but holds that it’s preferable not to touch the toys by hand because of [[Muktzeh]]. </ref>  
# It’s permissible to collect toys scattered across the floor or siddurim scattered around a shul. However, according to Sephardim it’s preferable not to pick up the toys by hand but rather to sweep them into the toy box. <Ref>Ayil Meshulash (Siman 7, pg 174) explains that there’s no prohibition of Me’amer nor [[Uvda DeChol]] collecting siddur in a shul or toys on the floor. Halachos of [[Shabbos]] (Rabbi Eider, vol 1, pg 85) and Practical Halachos of [[Shabbos]] (pg 25) agree. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 391) agrees that it doesn’t involve Me’amer but holds that it’s preferable not to touch the toys by hand because of [[Muktzeh]]. </ref>  
# It is permitted to collect silverware scattered on a table. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 307) </ref>
# It is permitted to collect silverware scattered on a table. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 307) </ref>
# The minhag to throw candies or nuts in shul for the aliyah of a groom (or the like) and the children collect the candies is not prohibited because of Me’amer. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 5, pg 7), Rav Mordechai Eliyahu's comment on Kitzur S"A 80:10. Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 5:6) extends it even to nuts. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2276 Rabbi Mansour] on Dailyhalacha.com agrees. </ref>
# The minhag to throw candies or nuts in shul for the aliyah of a groom (or the like) and the children collect the candies is not prohibited because of Me’amer. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 5, pg 7), Rav Mordechai Eliyahu's comment on Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:10. Menuchat Ahava (vol 2, 5:6) extends it even to nuts. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2276 Rabbi Mansour] on Dailyhalacha.com agrees. </ref>
==Sources==
==Sources==
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<references/>
[[Category:Shabbat]]
[[Category:Shabbat]]
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