16,374
edits
Bedikat Chametz: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
→What
No edit summary |
(→What) |
||
| (7 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
==What== | ==What== | ||
# Some say that one must | # Some poskim say that one must search even for crumbs of Chametz and remove them.<Ref> Chazon Ish 116:18 writes that you need to section off chametz crumbs like chametz of a non-Jew (Pesachim 6a). See regarding checking sefarim that the Chazon Ish checked his sefarim for crumbs. See, however, Gemara Pesachim 6b that implies that crumbs aren't significant and don't need bedika. Maharam Chalavah 6b s.v. may maintains that one doesn't need to destroy a crumb less than a kezayit except for dough pieces which could combine into a kezayit. This also seems evident from Piskei Rid 6b and Rosh Pesachim 1:9. Magen Avraham 432:5 also implies that crumbs don't need bedika.</ref>However, most poskim say that there's no obligation to check for crumbs of chametz, but the places where one will have kosher for [[pesach]] food must be cleaned of all crumbs of chametz so that not even a crumb gets into the food which will be eaten on [[Pesach]].<Ref> Pesachim 6b implies that crumbs are unimportant and don't need to be checked for. [http://ph.yhb.org.il/category/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97/04-%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA-%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A5/ Rabbi Eliezer Melamed in Peninei Halacha] says that the halacha is that one doesn't have to check for crumbs of chametz but in the areas where one will have kosher [[pesach]] food one must remove all crumbs of chametz. He brings the Shaar HaTziyun 442:60 as his proof. Halichot Shlomo ch. 5 fnt. 10 agrees.</ref> | ||
# Chametz | # Chametz that is buried in the cracks in the floor or between the back of a cabinet and the wall and people can’t reach one doesn’t have to do Bedika there. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 433:4 </ref> | ||
==Cleaning the House Beforehand== | |||
# One should sweep (or vacuum) the house before the bedika in order to clean it well.<ref>Mordechai (Pesachim 1:536) writes that one should sweep the house before the bedika because without sweeping you can’t check well. Also, he says you need to check besides sweeping because some chametz might get stuck in a hole. This is quoted by the Bet Yosef 433:11 and Darkei Moshe 433:5 and is codified by the Rama 433:11 and Kaf HaChaim 433:84.</ref> | |||
# The minhag is to clean the house well and remove all the chametz from around the house before the bedika, and then do a cursory check of the house without checking every crack or crevice.<ref>Mishna Brurah 433:46, Kaf HaChaim 433:85</ref> The same applies if the house was cleaned and washed well by non-Jews.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 433:86</ref> | |||
# In rooms that you eat chametz you should check under the beds and cabinets, however, in rooms that you don’t eat chametz it is sufficient to sweep under the beds and cabinets without checking there carefully.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 433:24</ref> | |||
==Who== | ==Who== | ||
| Line 60: | Line 65: | ||
===Yeshiva Student=== | ===Yeshiva Student=== | ||
# If a Yeshiva student is leaving his dorm or apartment within 30 days of [[Pesach]], even if he isn’t returning on [[Pesach]], he has an obligation to do Bedikat Chametz the night before he leaves, without a Bracha <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 6a says that one who leaves his house within 30 days of [[Pesach]], should do Biur even if he doesn’t plan on being home during [[Pesach]]. Rambam (Chametz 2:16) explains that this includes doing Bedika. | # If a Yeshiva student is leaving his dorm or apartment within 30 days of [[Pesach]], even if he isn’t returning on [[Pesach]], he has an obligation to do Bedikat Chametz the night before he leaves, without a Bracha <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 6a says that one who leaves his house within 30 days of [[Pesach]], should do Biur even if he doesn’t plan on being home during [[Pesach]]. Rambam (Chametz 2:16) explains that this includes doing Bedika. Shulchan Aruch 436:1 agrees. Mishna Brurah 436:6 writes that one should do Bedika with a candle the night before leaving. Rama 436:1 writes that there’s no Bracha for this Bedika since it’s not performed on the night of the 14th. Torat HaYeshiva 14:2 applies this halacha to a Yeshiva student in dorms. </ref>, but with a candle or flashlight <ref> Halachos of [[Pesach]] (p. 86) quotes Rav Moshe saying that a flashlight is better than using a candle and Rav Aharon Kotler as saying it is equivalent to a candle. Halichot Shlomo 5:11 writes that if one can’t use a candle, one should use a flashlight. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 38) agrees.</ref>, and then do Bitul. <Ref>Taz 436:2 writes that besides the Bedika, one should do Bitul on [[Erev Pesach]]; Magen Avraham 436:1 argues that one should also do Bitul after the Bedika as one does by Bedika on the 14th. Biur HaGra 436:4, Mishna Brurah 436:3, and Kaf HaChaim 436:8 agree. </ref> | ||
# One shouldn’t eat, work, or learn prior to performing this Bedika, just like one who performs Bedika on the 14th. <ref> Pri Megadim | # One shouldn’t eat, work, or learn prior to performing this Bedika, just like one who performs Bedika on the 14th. <ref> Pri Megadim E”A 436:1 writes that one who does Bedika the night before leaving his house, shouldn’t eat, work, or learn just like one who performs Bedika on the 14th. Kaf HaChaim 436:7 and Nitei Gavriel 28:4 agree. Kovetz MeBet Levi (Nissan 5761 pg 85) writes that this also applies to a Yeshiva Student doing Bedika in his dorm the night before he leaves. See [[#Eating or working before Bedika|above]] regarding the laws of not eating, working, or learning within a half hour of Tzeit Hakochavim. </ref> | ||
# If a student in Yeshiva is in Yeshiva on [[Pesach]], he is obligated to perform Bedika in his dorm room and if it’s done on the 14th at night it should be done with a Bracha. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:17), Dinim VeHanhagot 17:18 quoting the Chazon Ish, Siddur [[Pesach]] KeHilchato 12:9, Kovetz MeBet Levi (Nissan 5756), Chut HaSheni ([[Pesach]] pg 88), and Torat HaYeshiva write that a yeshiva student should perform Bedika in his dorm with a Bracha if it’s done on the 14th. </ref> However, some hold that the Bedika should be made without a Bracha. <Ref>Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:287, Chovat Hadar (end of Sefer Dinei Bedikat Chametz), Mishpat HaSechirut 5:32 </ref> | # If a student in Yeshiva is in Yeshiva on [[Pesach]], he is obligated to perform Bedika in his dorm room and if it’s done on the 14th at night it should be done with a Bracha. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:17), Dinim VeHanhagot 17:18 quoting the Chazon Ish, Siddur [[Pesach]] KeHilchato 12:9, Kovetz MeBet Levi (Nissan 5756), Chut HaSheni ([[Pesach]] pg 88), and Torat HaYeshiva write that a yeshiva student should perform Bedika in his dorm with a Bracha if it’s done on the 14th. </ref> However, some hold that the Bedika should be made without a Bracha. <Ref>Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:287, Chovat Hadar (end of Sefer Dinei Bedikat Chametz), Mishpat HaSechirut 5:32 </ref> | ||
# However, if the Yeshiva decides to sell all the rooms to a goy for [[Pesach]], then there’s no obligation to perform Bedika. <Ref>Torat HaYeshiva 14:4 </ref> | # However, if the Yeshiva decides to sell all the rooms to a goy for [[Pesach]], then there’s no obligation to perform Bedika. <Ref>Torat HaYeshiva 14:4 </ref> | ||
| Line 74: | Line 79: | ||
# One has to do Bedika in one’s office (if one brings food there), however, one doesn’t have to do it on the night before [[Pesach]], but rather one should do on the night before one leaves the office before [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [https://oukosher.org/passover/webcast/pre-pesach/ou-kosher-pre-pesach-webcast-5771-2011/ OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 8 and 11 </ref> | # One has to do Bedika in one’s office (if one brings food there), however, one doesn’t have to do it on the night before [[Pesach]], but rather one should do on the night before one leaves the office before [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [https://oukosher.org/passover/webcast/pre-pesach/ou-kosher-pre-pesach-webcast-5771-2011/ OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 8 and 11 </ref> | ||
==Areas which were Cleaned before Pesach== | ===Areas which were Cleaned before Pesach=== | ||
# One has to clean the house before [[Pesach]] and still do Bedika (with a Bracha) the night before [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [https://oukosher.org/passover/webcast/pre-pesach/ou-kosher-pre-pesach-webcast-5771-2011/ OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 12:45 and 15:45 </ref> | # One has to clean the house before [[Pesach]] and still do Bedika (with a Bracha) the night before [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [https://oukosher.org/passover/webcast/pre-pesach/ou-kosher-pre-pesach-webcast-5771-2011/ OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 12:45 and 15:45 </ref> | ||
# If one cleaned a closet completely by removing every single vessel, checked using an electric light and there no small confined areas or hidden places in the closet then it’s considered checked and doesn’t require Bedika. However, if there are areas which require close examination (like getting down on one’s hands and knees) one should still do Bedika at the appropriate time. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [https://oukosher.org/passover/webcast/pre-pesach/ou-kosher-pre-pesach-webcast-5771-2011/ OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 12:45 and 15:45 </ref> | # If one cleaned a closet completely by removing every single vessel, checked using an electric light and there no small confined areas or hidden places in the closet then it’s considered checked and doesn’t require Bedika.<ref>Mishna Brurah 433:1</ref> However, if there are areas which require close examination (like getting down on one’s hands and knees) one should still do Bedika at the appropriate time. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [https://oukosher.org/passover/webcast/pre-pesach/ou-kosher-pre-pesach-webcast-5771-2011/ OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 12:45 and 15:45 </ref> | ||
===Cracks=== | ===Cracks=== | ||
| Line 83: | Line 88: | ||
===Books=== | ===Books=== | ||
# Many authorities maintain that there is no obligation to check sefarim for Chametz crumbs. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo 5:6 writes that even though there’s a dispute whether the possible existence of crumbs necessitates Bedika, since the crumbs in sefarim would be disgusting sefarim don’t require Bedika. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 35), Or Letzion 1:32, Rav Mordechai Willig in Am Mordechai (p. 154), and Halachos of [[Pesach]] (p. 72) quoting Rav Moshe Feinstein agree. Maaseh Rav #178, however, writes that one should do Bedika on sefarim that he used during a meal. Chazon Ish 116:18 and Mishna Halachot 7:64 agree. Orchot Rabbenu (vol 2 pg 6) records the Steipler and Chazon Ish’s practice to check sefarim in advance of the night of 14th. </ref>If one is going to check one may do so in advance and doesn’t have to wait until the night of the 14th. <ref>Orchot Rabbenu (vol 2 pg 6) regarding the practice of the Steipler and Chazon Ish. </ref> | # Many authorities maintain that there is no obligation to check sefarim for Chametz crumbs.<Ref> Halichot Shlomo 5:6 writes that even though there’s a dispute whether the possible existence of crumbs necessitates Bedika, since the crumbs in sefarim would be disgusting sefarim don’t require Bedika. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 35), Or Letzion 1:32, Rav Mordechai Willig in Am Mordechai (p. 154), and Halachos of [[Pesach]] (p. 72) quoting Rav Moshe Feinstein agree. Maaseh Rav #178, however, writes that one should do Bedika on sefarim that he used during a meal. Chazon Ish 116:18 and Mishna Halachot 7:64 agree. Orchot Rabbenu (vol 2 pg 6) records the Steipler and Chazon Ish’s practice to check sefarim in advance of the night of 14th. </ref> If one is going to check one may do so in advance and doesn’t have to wait until the night of the 14th. <ref>Orchot Rabbenu (vol 2 pg 6) regarding the practice of the Steipler and Chazon Ish. </ref> | ||
# Benchers and Zemiros booklets of the rest of the year should not be used on [[Pesach]] but rather sold to a non-Jew with [[Mechirat Chametz]]. <Ref>Halachos of [[Pesach]] (Rabbi Eider; pg 72) </ref> | # Benchers and Zemiros booklets of the rest of the year should not be used on [[Pesach]] but rather sold to a non-Jew with [[Mechirat Chametz]]. <Ref>Halachos of [[Pesach]] (Rabbi Eider; pg 72) </ref> | ||
| Line 92: | Line 97: | ||
===Renting or selling the house to a non-Jew=== | ===Renting or selling the house to a non-Jew=== | ||
# If one is not going to be home on [[Pesach]] and sell the house to a goy, it’s improper not to do Bedika. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, pg 101 note 14) </ref> | # If one is not going to be home on [[Pesach]] and sell the house to a goy, it’s improper not to do Bedika. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, pg 101 note 14) </ref> | ||
===One's office=== | ===One's office=== | ||
# Some say that one should do Bedika in the place where one works at night using a candle. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:4) </ref> while others say that that it doesn’t have to be done on the night of the 14th rather one should do it the last day one is there before the 14th of Nissan. Additionally, it doesn’t have to be done with a candle nor does one have to put out pieces of Chametz. No bracha is made on this bedika. <Ref> Rabbi Sobolofsky at [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/759810/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/Pesach_Issues_in_the_Workplace yutorah.org] between minutes 2 and 4 </ref> | # Some say that one should do Bedika in the place where one works at night using a candle. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:4) </ref> while others say that that it doesn’t have to be done on the night of the 14th rather one should do it the last day one is there before the 14th of Nissan. Additionally, it doesn’t have to be done with a candle nor does one have to put out pieces of Chametz. No bracha is made on this bedika. <Ref> Rabbi Sobolofsky at [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/759810/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/Pesach_Issues_in_the_Workplace yutorah.org] between minutes 2 and 4 </ref> | ||
| Line 106: | Line 112: | ||
# A person shouldn’t start a job or start eating (a KeBeitzah of bread) from a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]], until one has done Bedika. <Ref>S”A 431:2, Mishna Brurah 432:5-6 </ref> However, one may continue to eat fruit a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]], but not after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 432:6 </ref> | # A person shouldn’t start a job or start eating (a KeBeitzah of bread) from a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]], until one has done Bedika. <Ref>S”A 431:2, Mishna Brurah 432:5-6 </ref> However, one may continue to eat fruit a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]], but not after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 432:6 </ref> | ||
# A person shouldn’t start learning from [[Tzet HaKochavim]] until one has done Bedika. Some add that one may not learn from a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] and some permit until [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 431:7 </ref> | # A person shouldn’t start learning from [[Tzet HaKochavim]] until one has done Bedika. Some add that one may not learn from a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] and some permit until [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 431:7 </ref> | ||
# If one began to learn, work, or eat during the day and continued into the night, according to Sephardim one doesn’t have to stop to do Bedika, and according to Ashkenazim one must stop at [[Tzet HaKochavim]] in order to perform Bedika. <Ref> | # If one began to learn, work, or eat during the day and continued into the night, according to Sephardim one doesn’t have to stop to do Bedika, and according to Ashkenazim one must stop at [[Tzet HaKochavim]] in order to perform Bedika. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama 431:2, Mishna Brurah 431:12 </ref> | ||
# Even someone who is doing bedika the night before he leaves shouldn't eat or do activities beforehand after nightfall.<ref>Pri Megadim E”A 436:1 writes that one who does Bedika the night before leaving his house, shouldn’t eat, work, or learn just like one who performs Bedika on the 14th. Kaf HaChaim 436:7 and Nitei Gavriel 28:4 agree.</ref> | |||
==Candle== | ==Candle== | ||
# One should check using a single wax candle and not a torch (or even two candles together). <Ref>S”A and Rama 433:2, Mishna Brurah 431:3 </ref> | # One should check using a single wax candle and not a torch (or even two candles together). <Ref>S”A and Rama 433:2, Mishna Brurah 431:3 </ref> | ||
| Line 142: | Line 150: | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
* [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/54541 Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Pesach vol. 1 (Hebrew, 5775)] | |||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/854906/rabbi-daniel-stein/bedikas-chametz-crumbs,-cleaning-early,-and-going-away/ Bedikas Chametz - Crumbs, cleaning early, and-going-away] by Rabbi Daniel Stein | * [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/854906/rabbi-daniel-stein/bedikas-chametz-crumbs,-cleaning-early,-and-going-away/ Bedikas Chametz - Crumbs, cleaning early, and-going-away] by Rabbi Daniel Stein | ||
* [http://www.aish.com/h/pes/l/48969586.html The Search for Chametz] on Aish.com | * [http://www.aish.com/h/pes/l/48969586.html The Search for Chametz] on Aish.com | ||
